Title: Prac Spring Final Ver 1 [2025]
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# Biology Practice Final Exam: Spring 2025
[Version #1]
1. The graph for an aquatic ecosystem below BEST supports the idea
that
A. If some nutrients are significantly increased, rapid growth of
certain organisms can negatively impact others
B. The increase of any nutrient within an ecosystem will result in
increased growth of the organisms in that ecosystem
C. Sea grasses are unable to survive in environments that contain
high levels of nutrients
D. Organisms with smaller biomasses are not generally affected by
nutrient levels in their environment
E. The presence of sea grasses kept the macroalgae population
limited, but the disappearance of most sea grasses then allowed
macroalgae to flourish
2. If you were exposed to a toxin that irreversibly blocked any sodium
channels found on nerve cells, which effect below would most likely
occur?
A. Increased levels of neurotransmitters released
B. After an action potential occurs, the membrane is unable to
reset back to its resting potential
C. Slowly conduction of positive charges down the axon
D. Inability to begin any action potentials
E. Inability to conduct synaptic signaling
3. A mutation alters the structure of a eukaryotic promoter region but
leaves the gene's coding region unchanged. Which of the following
would most likely result?
A. The gene will be transcribed but not translated due to a
defective ribosome binding site.
B. The gene will be overexpressed due to loss of epigenetic
controls.
C. Transcription will not initiate properly, reducing or eliminating
protein production.
D. Translation will begin earlier than normal, producing a
nonfunctional protein.
E. The gene will be spliced incorrectly, resulting in an altered
mRNA sequence.
4. In mice, yellow fur is dominant over white fur. The yellow fur allele is
also recessively lethal. If a yellow mouse and a white mouse mate, what
percent of their offspring would you expect to be white?
A. 0% B. 25% C. 33% D. 50% E. 66%
5. Below is a pedigree for an autosomal dominant trait.
If two individuals were crossed, and these two individuals had the same
genotypes as individuals I-2 and II-1 in this pedigree, what would be the
likelihood that they would produce an offspring with the dominant
phenotype two times in a row?
A. 1/16 B. 1/8 C. 3/16 D. 9/16 E. 1/4
6. Which of the following ideas in Darwins theory most clearly reflects
the influence of geologists like Hutton and Lyell?
A. All species were created in their current forms and remain
unchanged.
B. Evolution proceeds through sudden, rapid changes after mass
extinctions.
C. Gradual change over vast time periods can result in major
biological differences.
D. Favorable traits acquired during an organisms lifetime are
inherited by offspring.
E. Variation within a population leads to competition and struggle
for existence.
7. A farmer grows both xerophytic and hydrophytic plants in adjacent
fields. Which of the following adaptations would be most expected in the
xerophytes but not the hydrophytes?
A. Broad, flat leaves to maximize light capture
B. Reduced leaf surface area and thick cuticles
C. Shallow root systems that absorb surface water
D. Large air spaces in stem tissues
E. High stomatal density for gas exchange
8. A particular ranch often conducts genetic testing of newly born
animals to ensure their records of the offsprings parents are correct.
Samples of a recently born female horse, its mother, and four of the
possible male parents were taken and tested. Gel electrophoresis results
are shown below. Based on this,
which of these horses was likely
the male parent for this offspring?
A. Horse #1
B. Horse #2
C. Horse #3
D. Horse #4
E. None of these are
possible 9. Each image below shows a cross-section of the small intestines, but
each picture comes from a different animal species. Which of these
animals would likely be able to absorb
the LEAST amount of nutrition per
centimeter of intestine length?
A. Organism G
B. Organism F
C. Organism J
D. Organism H
For questions 10 - 13, bubble A if that statement is TRUE and
B if the statement is FALSE.
10. The main function of a plants stamen is to produce pollen.
11. The left atrium of the heart contains blood with a lower oxygen
concentration than the right atrium of the heart.
12. The lagging strand is synthesized in the 3 to 5 direction during
DNA replication because DNA polymerase cant read backwards.
13. A keystone species has a larger effect on ecosystem stability than
might be predicted based on its abundance.
14. Scientists believe that the first types of cells to appear were
A. Aerobic & Prokaryotic B. Aerobic & Eukaryotic
C. Anaerobic & Prokaryotic D. Anaerobic & Eukaryotic
E. Anaerobic & Protists
15. Two genetically identical plants are grown in different environments.
One grows rapidly and flowers early; the other remains stunted and
delays flowering. Genetic sequencing reveals no mutations. Which
mechanism most likely explains the difference?
A. Accumulated mutations altered flowering gene sequences.
B. Disruptions in the promoter region halted DNA replication.
C. Ribosomal RNA failed to assemble correctly in one plant.
D. Silent mutations in tRNA genes disrupted protein synthesis.
E. Epigenetic modifications changed gene expression patterns.
16. Which graph below best represents the relationships between trophic
levels and available energy, in an ecosystem?
A. B. C. D.
17. Which statement best describes the evolutionary consequence of
mass extinctions?
A. They slow evolution by eliminating genetic diversity.
B. They result in stabilizing selection maintaining existing traits.
C. They prevent speciation by reducing population sizes
permanently.
D. They create opportunities for adaptive radiation among
survivors.
E. They increase the frequency of recessive alleles by random
chance.
18. Alternative splicing allows
A. Changing of the DNA sequence in some portions of a gene
B. Alterations to the poly-A tail and cap found on mRNA
C. Use of different ribosomes to conduct translation
D. Removal of different combinations of exons
E. One promoter to control multiple different DNA sequences
19. Which of the following sequences correctly represents the steps
during a single cycle of muscle contraction?
A. ATP binds myosin calcium binds troponin power stroke
myosin releases ADP + phosphate
B. Calcium binds troponin myosin releases ADP + phosphate
power stroke ATP binds myosin
C. Calcium binds troponin ATP binds myosin power stroke
myosin releases ADP + phosphate
D. Myosin releases ADP + phosphate ATP binds myosin
calcium binds troponin power stroke
E. ATP binds myosin power stroke calcium binds troponin
myosin releases ADP + phosphate
20. Two closely related finch species live on the same island but feed on
different seed sizes. Over time, their beak sizes become very different.
Which concept best explains this?
A. Convergent evolution producing similar traits in unrelated
species
B. Genetic drift causing random changes in beak size frequencies
C. Adaptive radiation leading to new species filling different niches
D. Competitive exclusion forcing species to use separate resources
E. Divergent evolution causing differences due to resource use
21. A frameshift mutation occurs early in a gene coding region. Which
outcome is most likely?
A. A completely different amino acid sequence downstream
B. The protein sequence remains mostly unchanged
C. No effect because the mutation is silent
D. A single amino acid substitution at the mutation site
E. The mutation affects only non-coding regions
22. During a fetal pig dissection in class, a student finds a blood vessel.
When she pulls on it, it snaps back and seems to be quite elastic. It also
looks like the walls of the vessel are thicker than many others within the
body. What kind of blood vessel is this most likely to be?
A. Artery B. Capillary C. Vein
D. Cranial E. Lymphatic
23. Which of the following would likely involve a change in a
populations allele frequencies?
#1 - Founder Effect #2 - Bottleneck Effect #3 - Evolution
A. #1 only B. #2 only C. #3 only
D. #1 & #2 only E. #1, #2, & #3 For questions 24 - 26, use the following word bank:
> A. hormone B. antigen C. glycoprotein
> D. envelope E. incomplete dominance AB. polygenic
> AC. antibody AD. epigenetic AE. capsid
> BC. aneuploidy BD. cell membrane BE. linked genes
24. This specialized protein is released by plasma cells.
25. A layer that surrounds some, but not all, viruses.
26. A trait in which multiple genes contribute additively to the
expression of the single trait.
27. A DNA sequence reads: 3 GGTACGGATTTACC 5
The sequence mutates to become: 3 GGTACGAATTTACC 5
Which of the following best describes the functional outcome of this
mutation?
A. The resulting protein is unchanged despite the DNA change
B. One amino acid is altered, which may affect protein function
C. A premature stop codon is introduced, truncating the protein
D. All amino acids downstream of the mutation are changed
E. The ribosome is unable to initiate translation at all
28. A patient, Samantha, is currently in the hospital and in need of a
blood transfusion. Unfortunately, the hospital recently experienced a
major electrical malfunction making it impossible to conduct any lab
tests and rendering all previously stored blood useless. The doctor speaks
with Samanthas family to see if any of them might be a suitable donor.
Samanthas mom shares some old medical documents with the doctor.
From these, he is able to figure out that Samantha has Type O+ blood,
her mom has Type A- blood, and Jack (Samanthas younger brother) has
Type B+ blood. Samanthas father has not had his blood tested before, so
his blood type is unknown.
Which conclusion would be most reasonable for the doctor to make?
A. Samantha would be able to safely receive transfusions from
both her mother and father, but not from Jack.
B. Jack is a compatible donor for Samantha since they share the
same Rh factor.
C. Samanthas mom cannot donate to her, due to the absence of
the Rh factor in her blood.
D. Samantha cannot receive a transfusion from her father, due to
the presence of B antigens in his blood.
E. Both Jack and her father can donate blood to her, because all
three of them are Rh positive.
29. In humans, the really cool trait (R) is dominant over the not cool trait
(r). In a group of students, 350 are not cool and 1100 are really cool.
What number of students in this group would likely be heterozygous for
this trait? Assume the population is in H-W equilibrium.
A. 479 students B. 631 students C. 529 students
D. 725 students E. 550 students
30. Which term would fit best in the X spot on the diagram below?
A. Respiration
B. Combustion
C. Photosynthesis
D. Transpiration
E. Sedimentation