welcome to python video series again we continue our intro of computer and coding in this video we are focusing on coding languages first of all let's cover the lowest level of languages which is called machine language in this you can see it's a bunch of zeros and ones because machine only understands or recognizes zeros and ones and these machine languages are different from machine to machine or architecture to architecture basically when the machine has been designed the machine language is also designed therefore it's different from machine to machine and as you can see with these whole bunch of zeros and ones it is not human friendly it's not very easy for us to comprehend what it says or what it means the next level up which becomes a little bit more human friendly is called assembly language it's a bit more readable by human as you can see in the pictures that are shown here it's different across machines or architectures as in many ways this is a direct translation from machine language to some sort of shorthands which are more readable by human beings it is a low-level language and oftentimes it's called the second generation language or 2gl so we are not satisfied with the low level language such as assembly language even though it's a bit more human friendly than machine code but it's still hard for coders to work on or code with we want to have a language which is a little bit easier for us to work on a bit easier for us to understand what the code flow is or what the code logic is about after the low-level language we have innovation of high-level language it's more readable by human beings it's closer although not there yet to natural language such as english and these languages are called 3gl third generation language such as c c plus plus java c sharp python javascript we put an asterisk next to python because in some consideration python is a bit closer to natural language than the other languages therefore python sometimes is considered almost a fourth generation language which we will talk about next all right 4gl fourth generation language it's almost like natural language although natural language is such a hard problem thus we are still not there yet even after so much effort but we are getting closer than ever one popular 4gl or famous one is called sql sometimes pronounced which is the acronym of structured query language and here we provide a sql statement select start from customers in this sql statement the star is a wildcard character which means select anything from customers when we say select start from customers customers is actually a database table so we basically are saying select everything from this table customers all right now we come to the latest language or generation of language which is called 5gl it is very much like natural language such as english this fifth generation language has got some very promising efforts going on although we have not completely arrived yet we got some experience that's very close such as when we are using personal assistant software for instance siri or google assistant they are getting closer than ever to mimic natural language and its processing now a quick recap of this video we talked about languages and the generations of languages from the lowest level to the high level which are getting closer to natural language and these languages are starting from the lowest level machine language and then assembly language and high level languages which are also called 3gl third generation language and then 4gl and 5gl and that's about the coding languages that we want to cover so that we have a high level understanding of them