Nicosia: The only capital in the world that is divided between two countries.
Republic of Cyprus (Southern Cyprus): Part of the European Union (EU).
Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus: Not internationally recognized.
Green Line: The boundary separating the two areas, maintained by UN forces in a Buffer Zone.
Historical Background
Ottoman Rule (1571 - 1878): Occupied Cyprus for three centuries.
British Administration (post 1878): Britain took control following the Ottomans; full occupation during WWI due to alliances in the conflict.
Independence (1960): Cyprus gained independence but conflicts arose over constitutional provisions between Greek and Turkish Cypriots.
Notable event: Eoka Massacre (December 1963) by Greek Cypriot extremists.
Turkish Intervention (1974): Prompted by a coup against President Makarios aimed at unifying Cyprus with Greece.
Resulted in Turkey occupying 37% of the island to protect Turkish Cypriots.
Creation of Northern Cyprus (1983): Declared but not recognized internationally, considered an occupation by the UN.
Current Scenario
Buffer Zone: Demilitarized area controlled by the UN, preventing direct confrontation.
Crossing Borders: Generally easier for residents of Southern Cyprus to visit Northern Cyprus than vice versa due to visa requirements.
Varosha
Once a thriving resort, now a ghost town with no inhabitants since the Turkish occupation.
Area is heavily regulated; controlled by both Turkish Cypriot police and the UN.
Parts of Varosha opened again for public access in 2020, but restrictions remain in place.
Historical Context: Similarity with depopulated areas due to wartime circumstances.
Perspectives on Division
Divided sentiments among citizens:
Some believe in eventual reunification, while others are doubtful due to historical grievances and fears of ethnic cleansing.
Continuing demand from Greek Cypriots for access to their former homes and properties in Northern Cyprus.
Current complexities: Turkish and Greek Cypriot identities remain intertwined culturally but are divided politically.
Political Developments
Gas Reserves Discovery: Provoked tensions related to territorial claims between Turkey and Greece.
Elections in 2022: Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus government aligned with Turkey's vision—favoring recognition of two independent states over unification efforts.
Past unification efforts have largely failed (e.g., UN proposal rejected by Greek Cypriots in 2004).
Conclusion
The future of Cyprus remains uncertain with ongoing diplomatic efforts. Residents generally wish for an open border policy, reflecting a desire for peace and coexistence despite a complex history.