Lecture Notes: The Norman Conquest - Normandy in 1065

Overview

• This is the first video of a four-part series on the invasion phase of the Norman Conquest.
• Focus on Normandy in 1065 and its strengths prior to invading England.

Location of Normandy

• Normandy is a region in northern France.
• Controlled by William of Normandy (William the Conqueror) by the end of 1066.
• Normans are named after Normandy, the area they originated from.

Historical Background

• Normans were originally Vikings who settled in Normandy in the 10th century.
• Known for their brutal force but became culturally French over time.
• Normandy was part of France, but with less central control, acting as an independent fiefdom.

The Feudal System

• A system based on promises and hierarchy.
  • King owns all land, grants it to dukes in exchange for military support.
  • Dukes have private armies and can lend land to knights, raising taxes.
• Strong Norman army due to quick assembly of forces.

Military Prowess

• Normans were professional soldiers with advanced technology for their time.
  • Chain mail, swords, shields.
• Invented the stirrup, excellently mastering horseback combat.
• Built wooden Motte and Bailey castles quickly for defensive purposes post-invasion.

Cultural and Religious Aspects

• Devout Christians, aligned with European Christian norms.
• Built numerous monasteries and churches in Romanesque style.
• Support from the Pope due to their devout and non-corrupt practices.

William Duke of Normandy

• Became Duke at age 8 after his father's death in 1035.
• Faced rebellions but restored control by 1047 through strategic alliances and military strength.
• Notable alliances: King of France and marriage to Matilda of Flanders.

Summary

• Features of Normandy in 1065: strong military, strategic alliances, devout religious practices.
• Preparedness for the invasion of England in 1066 due to these strengths.