Overview
This lecture explains the core differences between RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification) and NFC (Near-Field Communication) technologies, focusing on how each works, their applications, and key technical distinctions.
RFID Technology
- RFID uses radio waves to transmit identifying information from a tag to a reader.
- Widely used for asset tracking in manufacturing, inventory management, and baggage tracking.
- RFID is effective over long distances, sometimes up to 100 meters.
- RFID tags are used for animal microchipping and retail anti-theft systems.
NFC Technology
- NFC stands for Near-Field Communication and allows devices in close proximity to exchange data wirelessly.
- Evolved from RFID technology and is more refined for secure, short-range applications.
- Commonly used for contactless payments, mobile wallets, and quick data sharing.
- Requires devices to be within a few centimeters of each other.
Key Differences Between RFID and NFC
- Distance: RFID works up to 100 m, while NFC is limited to a few centimeters.
- Communication: RFID is one-way (tag to reader); NFC supports both one-way and two-way (peer-to-peer) communication.
- Batching: RFID allows multiple tags to be read simultaneously; NFC scans only one tag at a time.
- Frequency Ranges: RFID operates at low (125-134 kHz), high (13.56 MHz), and ultra-high (856-960 MHz) frequencies; NFC uses only the high frequency (13.56 MHz) band.
- Applications: RFID is mainly for identification/tracking; NFC is for secure communication and payments.
Use Cases
- RFID: asset tracking, race timing, attendee tracking, inventory management.
- NFC: mobile payments, data sharing, in-store check-ins, enhanced post-sale product experiences.
Growth and Trends
- RFID devices in use are projected to reach 35 billion, enabling advanced inventory and tracking solutions.
- Over two billion NFC-enabled devices are active, supporting global adoption of contactless payments.
Key Terms & Definitions
- RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification) — Uses radio waves to identify and track tags attached to objects.
- NFC (Near-Field Communication) — Wireless communication protocol for short-distance data exchange between devices.
- Active RFID — Tags with their own power source.
- Passive RFID — Tags powered by the RFID reader.
- Frequency (RFID/NFC) — The radio wave band used for communication (e.g. kHz, MHz).
Action Items / Next Steps
- Review examples and applications for both RFID and NFC.
- Be able to explain the technical and practical differences between RFID and NFC.
- Prepare for exam questions comparing communication types and use cases.