Neutralization Reactions Lecture
Key Concepts
- Neutralization Reaction: A chemical reaction between an acid and a base resulting in the formation of water and a salt.
- Example of Acids and Bases:
- Acid example: A lmon
- Base example: Soap
- Characteristics:
- Reaction results in water and salt.
- No acid or base remains after the reaction is complete.
Example Reactions
- Hydrochloric Acid (HCL) and Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH):
- Complete Molecular: HCL + NaOH → NaCl (Salt) + H2O (Water)
- Net Ionic Reaction: Proton (H⁺) + Hydroxide (OH⁻) → H2O
Calculation Problems
Problem 1: Volume Calculation
- Objective: Calculate the volume of 1 Molar HCL needed to neutralize 25 M of 35 M Sodium Hydroxide.
- Steps:
- Use the balanced equation: HCL + NaOH → NaCl + H2O.
- Calculate moles by multiplying volume by molarity (moles/L).
- Use mole ratio (1:1) to go from moles of NaOH to moles of HCL.
- Calculate volume using molarity, divide moles by molarity.
- Result: 0.875 L (or 87.5 mL) of 1 M HCL.
Problem 2: Volume with Different Ratios
- Objective: Calculate volume of 0.5 M NaOH required to neutralize 50 mL of 12 Molar Phosphoric Acid (H3PO4).
- Steps:
- Balanced equation with a 1:3 ratio.
- Multiply volume by molarity.
- Use mole ratio (1:3), 3 moles NaOH for 1 mole H3PO4.
- Calculate volume using reciprocal of molarity.
- Result: 0.306 L (or 30.6 mL) of 5 M NaOH.
Problem 3: Concentration Calculation
- Objective: Determine concentration of Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4) to neutralize 47.5 M of 0.1 M NaOH using 25 mL of Sulfuric Acid.
- Steps:
- Balanced equation with a 1:2 ratio.
- Calculate moles using volume and concentration.
- Use mole ratio (1:2), 2 moles NaOH for 1 mole H2SO4.
- Find molarity by dividing moles by volume.
- Result: 0.950 Molar or 0.950 moles/L Sodium Hydroxide.
These notes cover the essential points from the lecture on neutralization reactions, including definitions, examples, and detailed calculations for different scenarios involving neutralization reactions.