Motherboard: What does a motherboard do?

What is a Motherboard?

• Main circuit board in a computer.
• Connects all internal components: memory, processor, graphics card, etc.
• Provides power and communication between components.
• Essential part of computer functionality.

How Does a Motherboard Work?

• Connects various components using connectors for RAM, USB ports, and more.
• Allows components to communicate, enabling computer operations.

Common Components on a Motherboard

• CPU: Central Processing Unit
• GPU: Graphics Processing Unit
• RAM: Random Access Memory
• ROM: Read-Only Memory
• Southbridge chipsets
• Additional features like FireWire, Ethernet ports, onboard audio.

BIOS

• BIOS: Basic Input/Output System.
• Controls low-level settings (e.g., boot order, power management).
• Stored on EEPROMs.
• Runs on startup to configure the computer.

Internet Connectivity

• Requires a NIC (Network Interface Card).
• Connects to Ethernet cable or wireless router.

RAID Technology

• RAID: Redundant Array of Independent Disks.
• Provides extra data security.
• Uses multiple hard drives for redundancy.
• Different RAID levels for varying protection and performance.

ECC Memory

• ECC: Error-Correcting Code Memory.
• Detects and corrects memory errors.
• Popular in servers for reliability.

CPU Upgrade

• Identify current CPU model and speed.
• Ensure compatibility with new processor.

Chipsets

• Specialized integrated circuits on motherboards.
• Facilitate component communication and power management.
• Examples include Intel’s Z87, AMD’s A58X, Nvidia’s NVMe series.

Overclocking

• Increasing CPU frequency beyond rated specs for performance.
• Involves adjusting voltage and other parameters.
• Potential risks; some motherboards have built-in features for safe overclocking.

CPU Socket

• Location on motherboard for CPU installation.
• Connects CPU for data communication with other components.

Types of Motherboards

• ATX: Standard for desktop computers.
• Mini-ITX: Compact for small form-factor PCs.
• MicroATX: Smaller than ATX but supports multiple expansions.
• Server Class: For high-end applications.
• Embedded Boards: For specific applications like robots.

Parts of a Motherboard

• Processor Slot: Holds the CPU.
• RAM Slots: For additional memory.
• PCIe Slots: For graphics and expansion cards.
• Peripheral Connectors: Power external devices.