January 2024 Living Environment Reading Exam Review

Part A - 30 Multiple Choice Questions

1. Homeostasis in Single-Cell Organisms

• Maintained through organelles.
• Organelles work together to keep the cell alive.

2. Stability in Ecosystems

• Each niche occupied by one species.
• Species remain due to favorable adaptations.

3. UV Light and Melanin Production

• Environmental factors affect gene expression.
• UV triggers DNA to transcribe and translate melanin.

4. Insulin Production in Pancreas Cells

• Cells use different parts of genetic information.
• All cells (except sex cells) have the same genetic code.

5. Oxygen Delivery to Body Cells

• Circulatory system delivers oxygen.
• Respiratory system oxygenates the blood.

6. Importance of Turtles in Ecosystems

• Decline leads to negative effects on other species.
• Interdependence of living organisms.

7. Molecular Building Blocks

• Glucose and amino acids form complex organic molecules.

8. DNA Replication

• Provides exact genetic copies before cell division.

9. Competition Between Species

• Example: Mice and Chipmunks eating sunflower seeds.

10. Human Impact on Ecosystems

• Modify the environment through technology.

11. Mosquito Spray Resistance

• Resistance developed due to genetic variations.

12. Bioengineered Blood Vessels

• Do not trigger an immune response.

13. Nerve Cell Communication

• Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers.

14. Freshwater vs Saltwater Fish

• Freshwater fish die in saltwater due to severe dehydration (diffusion).

15. Energy Pyramid

• Herbivores located in level two.

16. Regeneration in Axolotls

• Involves mitotic cell division.

17. Pest Control Methods

• Using traps baited with sex hormones is least harmful to environment.

18. Functions of Cells

• Mitochondria transfer energy to form ATP.

19. Ecosystem Recovery After Wildfire

• Ecosystem will eventually restore and be similar to original.

20. Kitten Characteristics

• Inherited similar genes from the same parents.

21. Nutritional Needs of Embryo

• Placenta most directly affects nutrition.

22. Blood pH Regulation

• Affects enzyme function within circulatory system.

23. Stress Responses in Human Body

• Examples of feedback mechanisms.

24. Self-Sustaining Ecosystem

• Must include producers, decomposers, light, and water.

25. Temperature Regulation in Trees

• Maintaining homeostasis by responding to environmental changes.

26. Carnivores in Food Web

• Example: Toads and Snakes.

27. Sea Slug and Algae Relationship

• Chloroplasts needed to use energy from sun.

28. Genetic Variability

• Results from meiosis, fertilization, and mutation.

29. Growth and Development

• Zygote contains all necessary genetic information.