Lecture on C++ Standard Template Library (STL)

Importance of STL

• Essential knowledge for C++ coding
• Saves time in writing code
• Makes the program more effective and efficient

Main Components of STL

1. Algorithms
2. Containers

Classification of Containers

1. Sequence Containers
   • Vector, Deque, List
2. Associative Containers
   • Set, Map, Multiset, Multimap
3. Unordered Associative Containers
   • Unordered Set, Unordered Map, Unordered Multiset, Unordered Multimap

Various Data Structures in STL

Array

• Static data structure
• Direct access (access elements by index)
• Example code: creating, printing, setting array, etc.

Vector

• Dynamic array
• Concept of capacity and size
• Examples of pushback operation

Deque (Double-Ended Queue)

• Allows adding and removing data from both ends (front and back)
• Example code: creating, adding, popping

List

• Double linked list
• Without random access
• Examples of front, back, pushback, pushfront operations

Stack

• Last In First Out (LIFO)
• Examples of push, pop, top operations

Queue

• First In First Out (FIFO)
• Examples of push, pop, front, back operations

Priority Queue

• Access elements based on priority
• Examples of max heap and min heap

Set

• Unique elements
• Maintains elements in a sorted order
• Examples of add, erase, find operations

Map

• Key-value pair data structure
• Maintains values with unique keys
• Examples of add, erase, find operations

Other Types of Containers

• Multiset
• Multimap
• Unordered Set and Map

Algorithms

• Operations like find, sort, reverse, etc.
• Example codes: binary search, sort, max min, reverse, etc.

Important Points

• Efficient use of STL containers and algorithms
• Essential for coding competitions and interviews
• Focused on providing detailed knowledge from beginner to advanced usage

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