[Music] hi and welcome back to free science lessons by the end of this video you should be able to describe the structure of graphine under ferin you should then be able to describe the properties of graphine and ferin and Link these to their structures in the last video we looked at graphite graphite is formed from layers of carbon atoms arrang in hexagonal Rings we saw that each carbon atom has one outra electron which is not in a calent bond these electrons are delocalized which means that they're not attached to any individual carbon atom delocalized electrons can move because of these delocalized electrons graphite is a good conductor of both electricity and thermal or heat energy now in this video we're looking at graphine and at ferin these molecules are all based on carbon atoms let's start by looking at graphine graphine is a single layer of graphite this means that graphine is only one atom thick so let's look at the properties of graphine firstly graphine is a good conductor of electricity that's because graphine has delocalized electrons these delocalized electrons can move through the graphine molecule carrying electrical charge so in the future graphine will be useful in electronics secondly graphine is both extremely strong and has has a high melting and boiling point that's because graphine has a large number of strong calent bonds these calent bonds require a great deal of energy to break these properties will make graphine useful for producing new materials okay we're going to look at molecules called ferin ferin are also based on carbon atoms however ferine molecules have hollow shapes usually ferin have hexagonal rings of carbon atoms however ferin can also have rings with five or seven carbon atoms now the first ferine molecule to be discovered is called bminer ferine and I'm showing you a picture of bminer ferine here bminer ferine contains 60 carbon atoms arranged in a hollow sphere the carbon atoms form rings with either six carbon atoms or with five carbon atoms now ferin such as this have a number of uses firstly they can be used to deliver drugs such as Pharmaceuticals into the body secondly they can be used as lubricants and machines where they reduce friction between moving parts and finally they can be used as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions now one really interesting group of ferin are called carbon nanot tubes carbon nanot tubes are ferin shaped into long cylinders with a relatively small diameter scientists say that carbon nanot tubes have a very High length to diameter ratio again we can see that we have rings formed from six carbon atoms carbon nanot tubes have several very useful properties firstly they have a high tensile strength this means that we can apply a great deal of stretching Force to a carbon nanotube before it breaks secondly carbon nanot tubes have delocalized electrons this makes them good conductors of electricity carbon nanot tubes are also good conductors of eat now the uses of carbon nanot tubes are still being investigated however one use of carbon nanot tubes is to reinforce materials for example in high-end tennis Rockets you'll find plenty of questions on this topic in my vision workbook which you can get by clicking on the link [Music] above