Notes on Materials and Methods Section in Scientific Reports

Introduction

• Importance of understanding the organization of a scientific paper.
• Typical structure: Title, Abstract, Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion, References.
• Focus of this lecture: Materials and Methods section.

Purpose of Materials and Methods Section

• Clearly describe the method used in the study.
• Communicate how the research was conducted.
• Necessary for replication by other researchers.

Key Components to Include

• Equipment:
  • Describe any apparatus or machines used.
  • Importance of detail to ensure replication accuracy.
• Participants/Subjects:
  • Shift from 'subjects' to 'participants'.
  • Describe what or who was studied.
• Tests:
  • Detail any tests conducted (e.g., medical, educational).
  • Importance of clear test descriptions.
• Chemicals and Supplies:
  • Specify chemicals and other materials used.
  • Include amounts, critical for results replication.
• Procedure:
  • Describe the procedure in detail, similar to a recipe.
  • Order of operations is important if relevant.

Writing Style

• Paragraph Style:
  • Use full paragraphs, not lists.
  • Topic sentence, supporting sentences, and conclusion.
• Use of Visuals:
  • Photographs or diagrams can aid comprehension.

Structuring the Section

• Single vs. Subsections:
  • Single unitary section or subsections (e.g., Participants, Materials, Procedures).
  • Consider complexity and length when deciding.
  • Consult class or journal guidelines.

Linguistic Notes

• Tense Usage:
  • Prefer past tense to describe what was done.
  • Alternative: present/future tense for replication instructions (not recommended).
• Avoiding "I" and "We":
  • Use passive voice to avoid first-person pronouns.
  • Examples:
    • "I heated" becomes "The mixture was heated."
    • "We measured" becomes "The temperature was measured."
  • If passive voice is awkward, use alternatives like "the present author."

Conclusion

• Ensure clarity and replicability in Materials and Methods.
• Future discussions will cover the Results and Discussion sections.

Key Takeaways

• Method section should enable replication.
• Use formal, passive voice for clarity and adherence to style.
• Incorporate visuals where helpful, always supplementing paragraphs.