Grade 11 Cellular Respiration

Introduction to Cellular Respiration

• Cellular respiration involves metabolic processes in cells to convert energy from food into ATP.
• Two types:
  • Aerobic respiration (uses oxygen)
  • Anaerobic respiration (does not use oxygen)

Lesson Objectives

• Define cellular respiration.
• Explain using chemical and word equations.
• Identify components needed for cellular respiration.
• Discuss aerobic vs. anaerobic respiration.
• Model ATP and ADP.
• Draw a diagram showing stages of respiration.
• Investigate oxygen use and CO2 production.
• Evaluate energy's importance in organisms.

Definition of Cellular Respiration

• Series of metabolic processes where cells use food energy to produce ATP with or without oxygen.

Importance of Energy in Organisms

• Energy usage includes:
  • Growth
  • Cell division
  • Movement
  • Transport of substances
  • Active transport

Types of Cellular Respiration

• Aerobic Respiration:
  • Occurs with oxygen, releases more energy.
  • Stages:
    • Glycolysis: Occurs in the cytoplasm, breaks down glucose into pyruvic acid, produces ATP and NADH.
    • Krebs Cycle: Breakdown of pyruvic acid in mitochondria, yields ATP, NADH, FADH2, and CO2.
    • Electron Transport Chain (ETC): Uses hydrogen to produce ATP; combines with oxygen to form water.
• Anaerobic Respiration (Fermentation):
  • Occurs without oxygen, less energy produced.
  • Types:
    • Alcoholic fermentation
    • Lactic acid fermentation

Industrial Uses of Anaerobic Respiration

• Yeast fermentation for brewing and baking.

Activity: Aerobic Respiration Questions

• Phases of aerobic respiration?
• Where does glycolysis occur? (Answer: Cytoplasm)
• Krebs cycle location? (Answer: Mitochondria)
• Electron transport chain location? (Answer: Mitochondria)
• ATP production in glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and ETC
• CO2 production phase? (Answer: Krebs Cycle)
• Water production phase? (Answer: ETC)
• Oxygen as a substrate in which phase? (Answer: ETC)

Fermentation Reactions

• Yeast fermentation reaction: Glucose → 2 Ethyl alcohol + 2 CO2 + 2 ATP + Heat
• Lactic acid fermentation reaction: Glucose → Lactic acid + 2 ATP

References

• Durana, Y. (2011), Hugo, M.J. (2016), McGiney, M. (2012), Romero, C.C. (2010)