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What are the primary characteristics of Beta waves, and when are they observed?
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Beta waves are observed during concentration and are characterized by lower amplitude and more irregular patterns compared to other brain waves.
How does Slow Wave Sleep differ from REM sleep?
Slow Wave Sleep is very restful, recovery sleep characterized by strong, low-frequency brain waves. It becomes more prominent the longer one has been awake.
What neurotransmitter deficiency is associated with Parkinson’s Disease?
Parkinson’s Disease is associated with a deficiency of dopamine in the substantia nigra.
What are the effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive and physical performance?
Sleep deprivation leads to reductions in cognitive and physical performance, lower productivity, and poorer health.
What is the primary treatment approach for schizophrenia?
The primary treatment approach for schizophrenia is to decrease dopamine secretion.
Explain the role of the Raphe Nuclei in sleep.
The Raphe Nuclei secrete serotonin, which inhibits neuronal activity and promotes sleep.
What characterizes a focal seizure?
A focal seizure is localized to one hemisphere of the brain but can spread to other areas.
What treatments are commonly used for depressive psychosis?
Treatments for depressive psychosis include MAO inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants.
What is one proposed mechanism underlying schizophrenia?
One proposed mechanism for schizophrenia is excess dopamine secretion or abnormal limbic system function.
Describe the role of GABA neurons in Huntington’s Disease.
Huntington’s Disease involves the loss of GABA neurons, which contributes to the dysfunction observed in the disease.
How do generalized seizures differ from focal seizures?
Generalized seizures involve both hemispheres of the brain and include examples like tonic-clonic (grand mal) seizures.
Identify the role of orexin neurons in wakefulness.
Orexin neurons are active during wakefulness and their destruction can lead to narcolepsy.
What brain waves are primarily associated with a deep sleep state?
Delta waves are primarily associated with deep sleep and reflect low neuronal activity.
What distinguishes sleep from a coma?
In sleep, a person can be aroused by sensory or other stimuli, while in a coma, arousal is not possible.
Describe the characteristics of REM sleep.
REM sleep is a type of active sleep, not very restful, occurring in cycles (~every 90 minutes), with increased dreaming and body movements, and high brain activity. It is also known as paradoxical sleep.
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