Gain Staging Lecture Notes

Introduction

Ensures correct signal level throughout the audio chain
Analog: Important for reducing tape noise, console hum, and unwanted noise
Digital: Avoids clipping and maintains proper levels despite a lack of analog noise

Leave headroom in a mix to avoid clipping and distortion
Solution: Lower all faders or identify loud sources (e.g., bass, kick drum) and reduce their levels

Many plugins, especially analog modeled ones, have a nonlinear response
Correct input volume is critical to avoid distortion or weak effects
Recommendation: Use a gain unit (e.g., Slate Digital Trimmer) at the start of each effects chain
- Target volume is around -18 dB, though there is flexibility around this range
- Monitor using a VU meter to ensure plugins are not distorting
- Adjust plugin outputs to maintain consistent volume post-processing
- Linear plugins don't require specific input volumes as they don't distort

Faders should be closer to 0 dB (unity) for better control and fine adjustments
If gain staging through effects pushes levels too high:
- Use a gain unit at the end of the effects chain
- Reduce gain at the chain's end and increase fader position to maintain control

Myth: Adjusting gain and fader positions induces noise in digital audio workstations (DAWs)
Fact: DAWs generally have no audible noise floor; tests show no increase in noise

Note: If interested in learning more specific techniques in FL Studio, comments and feedback are encouraged for potential new content creation.

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