[Music] hello students welcome to the contemporary world subject in today's discussion we are going to discuss the last chapter of our prelim coverage the global interstate system so without further ado let's get started so the global interstate system it is the whole system of human interactions the modern world system is structured politically as an interstate system a system of competing and allying states political scientists commonly call this the international system and this is the focal point of the field of international relations all right so this explains the effort of different countries and governments all over the world to have cooperation and collaboration example little you imf netting or your international monetary fund and the world bank as well or uwp so from the word itself interstate when you say interstate it is the relation of each state when we say intricacy it has something to do with their relationship with each other nothing global it's the relationship of countries globally around the world capacity nothing system meron tayo sonogna systema a step-by-step process i know you process an even of course to attain a certain economic political environmental and social goals philippines when it comes to its international engagement with other countries for example park the things international trading in philippines and countries international markets so world systems are defined by the existence of a division of labor the modern world system has a multi-state political structure and therefore its division of labor is international division of labor the division of labor consists of three zones according to the prevalence of profitable industries or activities we have the core the semi-periphery and the periphery what does it mean by modern world system as you can see on this map the countries are colored on three different colors you can see the yellow you can see the green and the orange this is what we call the modern world system where the world is divided based on their capital or wealth is a division a modern world system young core semi-periphery and periphery okay so there are three divisions of labor as i have mentioned to you a while ago we have the core the semi-periphery and the periphery first is the core what is core so these are high income nations in the world economy so this is the manufacturing base of the planet where resources funnel in to become the technology and wealth enjoyed by the western world today these core are dominant capitalists that exploit peripheral countries for labor and raw materials so when we say exploit genetic advantage nila young labor and raw materials non-peripheral countries so basically speaking labor and raw materials peripheral countries what about the semi periphery so semi periphery these are the middle income countries such as india and brazil these are considered semi-periphery due to their closer ties to the global economic core so peripheral countries share characteristics of both core and peripheral countries so basically speaking middle students they are at the middle arena's average okay and then the last one we have the periphery also called as the low-income countries whose natural resources or labor support the wealthier countries first as colonies and now by working for multinational corporations under neocolonialism okay so could you imagine sila payano support duns among wealthier countries peripheral countries are dependent on core countries for capital and have under developed industry so basically resources are distributed from the underdeveloped country to develop countries so from periphery okay cyclical rhythms represent the short-term fluctuation of economy okay take note of that cyclical freedoms while secular trends mean deeper long-run tendencies such as general economic growth or decline so we have cyclical rhythms and secular trends the term contradiction means a general controversy in the system usually concerning some short-term versus long-term trade-offs the last temporal feature is the crisis so crisis occurs if a constellation of circumstances brings about the end of the system the world system theory stresses that the world systems should be the basic unit of social analysis what do we mean by this we should focus not on individual states but on the relations between their groupings the core the semi-periphery and the periphery okay so here is the theory model of emmanuel wallersteins at world system so according to him the world economic system is divided into three and as i have mentioned a while ago it's the core the semi-periphery and periphery take a look at the ro and you will understand its meaning but let me elaborate this one core countries like us japan and germany are dominant capitalist countries characterized by high levels of industrialization and urbanization so as you can see on the description the core countries high profit consumption goods in sabine periphery countries so core countries are capital intensive and they have high wages and high technology production patterns and lower amounts of labor exploitation and coercion next one we have the semi periphery so countries like south korea taiwan mexico brazil india nigeria south africa are less developed than the core countries but they are more developed than peripheral countries so they are the buffer between core and peripheral countries and then for the peripheral countries which includes some african countries and low-income countries in south america are dependent on core countries for capital and they are less industrialized and urbanized so that is the explanation of wallerstein world system theory model okay tanongsan kabila in philippines semi-periphery or periphery what do you think okay to answer this question philippines belongs to semi-periphery okay developing country pala okay develop india under develop so nasa get natal okay moving on to the global governance so what do we mean by global governance global governance is sometimes referred to as world governance global is a movement towards political cooperation among transnational actors negotiating responses to problems that affect more than one state or region global governance may be in the process of designating laws rules or regulations intended for a global scale samadhi sabi and global governance major students in an address dito worldwide because one country cannot do it alone because the problem itself is borderless okay take note the goal of global governance is to provide global public goods particularly pest and security justice and mediation systems for conflict functioning markets and unified standards for trade and industry next one we have the effects of global governance so what are the effects of global governance globalization restrains governments by inducing increased budgetary pressure so when we see budgetary pressure these are unavoidable consequences of allocating scarce resources and because of this there is a possibility that the governments may attempt to curtail or lessen the budget for the welfare state which is often seen as a drug on international competitiveness by reducing especially their expenditures on transfers and subsidies moving on to internationalism versus globalization internationalization refers to the increasing importance of international trade international relations treaties alliances and many more when we see international major students it means between or among nations the basic unit remains the nation even as relations among nations become increasingly necessary and important what is nation in simple words a nation is a group of people who share the same culture history language or ethnicity it can also be described as people living in the same country and having a government as philippines a nation yes definitely okay philippines is also a nation because we have culture we have history we have language we have ethnicity and we live in the same country and we have a government okay on the other hand we have globalization i believe you are now familiar with this term since we discussed this in the previous chapter so globalization refers to the global economic integration of many formerly national economies into one global economy mainly by free trade and free capital mobility but also by easy or uncontrolled migration it is the effective ratio of national boundaries for economic purposes international trade governed by comparative advantage becomes inter-regional trade governed by absolute advantage so what's the difference between comparative advantage and absolute advantage so in the discussion last time young comparative advantage ni david ricardo so when we say absolute advantage okay absolute advantagement i o it refers to the ability of a certain country to produce more or better goods and services than somebody else on the other hand comparative advantage refers to the ability of a country to purchase goods and services at a lower opportunity costs not necessarily at a greater volume or quality okay so parenting when you say absolute advantage as compared to other countries okay moving on to the last slide the national community embrace both national labor and national capital and these classes cooperated to purchase national goods largely with national natural resources national goods nana purchase international markets against goods and services okay so basically this is the internationalization as defined a while ago okay so that explains our lecture for chapter two the global governance thank you so much for watching have a good day ahead goodbye everyone