Motherboard Connectors

Main Power Connector

• Purpose: Provides power directly from the power supply to the motherboard.
• Voltage Supply:
  • 3.3 volts
  • ±5 volts
  • ±12 volts
• Connector Evolution:
  • Originally a 20-pin connector.
  • Now standard is 24-pin to accommodate increased power needs.
• Compatibility: A 24-pin connector can still be used with a 20-pin motherboard.
• Design:
  • Keyed pins to ensure correct orientation.
  • Lock mechanism to secure the connector.

Additional Power Connectors

• CPU Power Connector:
  • 4-pin ATX (Advanced Technology eXtended) connector.
  • Provides 12 volts specifically for the CPU.
  • Connector is keyed for correct installation.

Storage Connections

• SATA (Serial ATA) Connectors:
  • Used for connecting hard drives and SSDs.
  • May vary in layout and color but function identically.
• eSATA (External Serial ATA) Connections:
  • Used for external storage devices, offering the same performance as internal SATA.
  • Can be built-in or added via expansion cards.

Pin Headers

• Functionality:
  • Groups of pins for various connections: power, USB, audio, etc.
  • Located on the edge of the motherboard.
• Connections:
  • Single large connector or multiple smaller wires connect to these pin headers.
  • Labeled for specific functions (e.g., AAFP for audio, USB connectors).
• Types:
  • TPM (Trusted Platform Module)
  • Legacy USB
  • USB 3.0

Case Connectors

• Purpose:
  • Connects buttons and lights from the case to the motherboard.
• Examples:
  • Reset switch
  • Hard drive light
  • Power light
• Installation:
  • Connect labeled wires from the case to the corresponding pins on the motherboard.

M.2 Connectors

• Functionality:
  • Used for connecting SSDs directly to the motherboard.
• Design:
  • Plug the drive into the M.2 connector and secure with a screw.
  • Provides compact and efficient storage solution.