Lecture Notes: Chronic Diseases and Preventative Health

Introduction

• Presenter: Brie
• Focus: Chronic diseases and preventative health for year four exams
• Sources: Red Book, ETG, GPS resources
• Additional resources: MCQ study pack
• Contact: Email or Facebook for questions

Lecture Outline

• General management principles and lifestyle recommendations for chronic diseases
• Specific conditions: Diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, COPD, asthma, heart failure, AF
• Prevention and screening programs

General Management Principles

DKA Empire Framework

• Diagnosis: State diagnosis clearly
• Knowledge: Check patient’s understanding
• Attitudes: Address patient concerns
• Educate: Explain without jargon
• Management Plan: Lifestyle vs. pharmacological, short-term vs. long-term
• Prevention: Ensure screening is up to date
• Information: Provide take-home resources
• Reinforcement: Answer any further questions
• Evaluate: Monitor the plan
• Safety Netting: Identify red flags

SNAP-W: Lifestyle Management

• Smoking cessation
• Nutrition: Balanced diet advice, refer to dietician
• Alcohol: Monitor intake, provide resources
• Physical Exercise: Encourage activity
• Weight: Monitor BMI, offer pharmacotherapy if needed
• Behavioral change model: 5 A’s (Ask, Assess, Advise, Assist, Arrange follow-up)

Specific Conditions

Diabetes (Type 2)

• Diagnosis: HbA1c > 6.5% confirms diabetes
• Screening: OSRIC tool, every 3 years from age 40 (non-Indigenous)
• Management Targets: Blood sugar levels goals, regular check-ups
• Pharmacological Management: Metformin, SGLT2 inhibitors, etc.

Hypertension and Dyslipidemia

• Blood Pressure: Measure every 2 years from age 18
• Risk Assessment: Absolute cardiovascular risk assessment
• Management: Lifestyle changes, pharmacotherapy when necessary

COPD and Asthma

• COPD: Management includes stopping smoking, medications
• Asthma: Management plans, medication use

Heart Failure and AF

• Heart Failure: Management includes lifestyle changes, medications
• Atrial Fibrillation (AF): Manage thromboembolism risk, symptom relief

Prevention and Screening Programs

Colorectal Cancer

• National Bowel Screening Program: FOBT every 2 years for ages 50-74

Breast Cancer

• Breast Screen: Mammogram every 2 years for ages 50-74

Cervical Cancer

• CST every 5 years from ages 25-74
• Prevention: HPV vaccination

Conclusion

• Contact Brie for questions via Facebook or email
• Check GPSN for resources and feedback