Convergent Plate Boundaries Overview

Good morning everyone, my name is Sergiu and today I will be rediscussing the first half of the lesson we backfilled yesterday which is plate boundaries part one. All right, so normally when there's no earthquake, the roads, the blocks, or the plates are literally flat or evenly flat by nature. But given in this picture, So obviously earthquake has occurred or has happened and as you can see both crusts or blocks or plates were elevated because they collided with each other. So if you see crusts like this colliding with each other then the plate boundary that you've witnessed is called conversion boundary. So the reason why these crusts collided or at least one part of them is elevated is because of the driving stress called compression. Now, so we will tackle the three different types of convergent boundary and as you can see here on the left side there is a continental cross and on the right side there is another continental cross and the first convergent boundary is continental-continental convergence. So for those who were absent yesterday and weren't able to witness the simulations in the PET simulation, I will simulate them for you. All right, so remember our first type of convergent boundary is continental-continental convergence. So you have two continental crusts colliding with each other. So because of that, I will put a continental cross on the left and another continental cross on the right. Let me adjust the settings for you. So when I press play, so as you can see both continental cross become elevated. So there is an almost triangular or a cone form. that you can see, it looks like a window when you remove the flap or roof or roof, the design. So let's go back to my PowerPoint presentation. So why is it that whenever two continental truss collide, both of them become elevated? That's why you can see a lot of triangular features at their peaks. It happens because of their density. So both CCs or continental crusts are light, so both float as well. And it is very obvious that the three geological formations formed by continental-continental convergence are the following. So we have mountains or the bundok. We have mountain ranges, the bulubundukin. And we also have hills, ang mga burol. So some famous local and international examples of the geological formations by continental continental virgins are the following. So for mountains, we have the highest. mountain in the world which is Mount Everest found in the China-Nepal border. And just near the Mount Everest is the Himalayan mountain ranges which is found at the China-India border. And in the Philippines, we have the Shera Madre mountain ranges from Region 2, Pagayan Valley, up until Region 5, Bicol Region. And then finally we have Chocolate Hills in Bohol, Philippines as well. So continental convergence is the easiest to spot because of the triangular or almost conical peaks in their shapes. No? So, ayan. Now if you have continental-continental convergence, you also have oceanic-oceanic convergence wherein, as expectedly, you have two oceanic crusts colliding with each other. So for those who weren't able to witness the simulation yesterday, let me simulate this second type of convergent boundary for you. Let me just reset all the settings here first. So for oceanic crusts here, there is one that is considered young and another one that is considered old. So I will put young oceanic crust on the left and an old oceanic crust at the right. Okay, so when I finally press play, you can see that the old oceanic crust sinks or subducts under the young oceanic crust. And you see volcanoes form in a trench at the center, somewhere in the middle. Alright, so compared to continental-continental convergence, in oceanic-oceanic convergence, you see at least... one oceanic crust subducting under the other. And that subducting oceanic crust is the older and heavier oceanic crust. So remember, everything that sinks, everything that goes down is considered lighter or heavier. Sorry, heavier or denser. So that means... This oceanic crust here that went down or that sunk, this is considered the old one, while the oceanic crust here is considered the younger one. Now, There are three geological formations formed by oceanic-oceanic convergence. So the first one in the very obvious at the center, we have volcanoes. It erupts lava. The second one is the islands. And the third one, we're in, it is the deep line or deep range where the old oceanic cross of... ducks under the younger oceanic grass that's the trenches all right so some famous examples of volcanoes islands and trenches we have the following so yeah we have augustine volcano in alaska and most recently now on monday remember the smog alert no because volcano erupted but the eruption was kind of weak because it only affected at least region 4a and certain areas of national capital region. For islands remember we have 100 islands in Pangasinan Philippines and for perennials just beside the Philippines we have the deepest trench called the Mariana or the Mariana's trench which is found at the western pacific ocean. So these three, volcanoes, islands, and trenches, they are the offshoots of oceanic-oceanic convergence. Now for the third one, as you can see, you have an oceanic crust on the left and on the right side you have a continental crust. So the third and last type of convergent boundary is continental-oceanic convergence. So let me go back to our simulation and reset all the navigations here. So I will put a continental cross on the left and an old oceanic cross on the right. So by adjusting the settings and by pressing play, we can see that the older oceanic cross subducts under the continental crusts and you can almost see identical geological formations here just like in oceanic-oceanic convergence. So based from what we witnessed a while ago, it is obvious that the oceanic crust subducts under the continental crust because as we learned from our very first lesson, the oceanic crust is heavier than the continental crust. And as a consequence, the geological formations of continental oceanic convergence are only volcanoes and trenches. So at this point, there are no islands formed. The islands are under oceanic-oceanic convergence only. Okay, and basically that's it for the three types of convergent boundary. Now you might be wondering, what happens to the subducted crust? Where do they go and is there something amazing that happens somewhere down the road? So let's complete the sentence here. So the subducted crust, blank to the blank, melts to blank, is expelled by blank. That's black holes to black. then the cycle repeats. And you have the pool of options here. You have lava, sinks, rocks, mantle, magma, and volcanoes. So I'm going to... what you see here is a screenshot of the demonstration of continental oceanic convergence but you can also substitute here the demonstration for oceanic-oceanic convergence as well because they are the two types of convergence. boundary wherein subduction happens. So let's begin. The subducted crust very obviously goes down. So the synonym of goes down is sinks to the mantle. So it's solid at first, but because mantle is hot, the subducted crust melts to magma. And when there is enough accumulation of magma and some fresh buildup of pressure inside, magma is expelled then by volcanoes. And remember, once magma is outside the crust, magma is now referred to as lava. And once lava cools down, it turns to rocks. And then the cycle repeats. So now that the sentence is formed, let me read it for you. what happens to the subducted crust? The subducted crust sinks to the mantle, melts to magma, is expelled by volcanoes, as lava cools to rocks, then the cycle repeats. So in Tagalog, yung lulubog na crust mapupunta sa mantle, matutunaw as magma, ilalabas ng mga bulkan bilang lava, then lalamig bilang mga pato. What's fascinating to me about convergent boundary in general, specifically the two types of convergent boundary that undergoes abduction, is that we learned that the planet Earth has a way of recycling its land component. Because the rocks eventually, when lava falls on the rocks, the rocks will become part of the crust again, and then the old oceanic crust. or the oceanic crust rather would then subdued under the continental or a younger oceanic crust and then it would become part of the mandalas magma then it's a sabogan as lava then matutuy as bato no so this is how the planet earth recycles its own uh matter its own landforms no that's why whatever landform that was featured a while ago, mountains, mountain ranges, hills, volcanoes, islands, and trenches. Those six of them, they are not just tourist sites or destinations. They are evidence that the planet Earth has its own way of recycling its own stuff. It doesn't need us human beings, although human beings can help to recycle the natural resources of the planet. But you know that it's not just there to be there. It's doing its thing for a reason. Okay? So now, let's recap everything that we tackled by answering the following questions. So don't feel dizzy or nauseous by the pictures. We will go into them one by one. Okay? Let me start. So what crusts are in number one? So both crusts are actually supporting an ocean here. So obviously these crusts are oceanic. Next, what driving stress motivates the crust in number one to move? So you see an arrow, one arrow pointed to the right and another one pointing to the left. So if they are colliding, then therefore they are motivated by a driving stress called compression. Number three, what plate boundary is demonstrated above? So you have two oceanic crusts driven by compression. That's why the full name or the specific name of the plate boundary is oceanic. oceanic convergence. Number four. So from numbers four to six, we will now identify the geological formations by oceanic-oceanic convergence. So number four is the most easily identifiable landform which is obviously a volcano. For number five, it almost resembles a volcano, but since there is no eruption, we can call it an island. Because there's no space for the magma to erupt. That's why it's only an island, not a volcano. And number six, the deep portion wherein the oceanic crust subducts another oceanic crust is called a trench. There you go. That means in this recap, this entire picture is a demonstration of oceanic-oceanic conversions and its geological formations. Alright, let's move on to the next picture. Let me just erase all the answers. Okay, number one. What cross is in number one? The cross in number one supports ocean so that's an oceanic crust. Number two, what crosses in number two? The cross in number two supports continents that's why it's a continental crust. Number three, what driving stress motivates the cross in number one and number two to move? So you can see that the oceanic cross is moving to the right. and the continental cross is moving to the left. That's why this plate boundary is driven by none other than compression. This is where the answer is written. Alright, oops. There, sorry if the text is overlapping. Number four, what plate boundary is demonstrated above? So you have one oceanic crust colliding with a continental crust. That's why this one is a continental oceanic convergence. So sir, can we interchange the crust in the title? Can we also call it oceanic continental convergence? That's also fine, okay? Now, there are two geological formations by continental oceanic convergence. In number five, this is very obviously a volcano because you can see an eruption. In number six, the moment that you see the point where the oceanic crust subducts under the continental crust. So basically, the point of subduction, that is where the trench is located. So that means that this picture is a demonstration of continental oceanic convergence and its geological formations. Alright, finally the third one. Okay, so what crusts are in number one? So walang oceans na sinusuportahan dito. That means both crusts are considered continental. Number two, what driving stress motivates the crusts in number one to move? So both continental crusts are moving towards each other. So that means collision is happening and there's no other driving stress motivating collision other than competition. Number three, what plate boundary is demonstrated above? You have two continental crusts colliding with each other. So this is continental, continental convergence. Last question for this session, what landform or waterform is number four? So there are three possible answers here, no? So we have mountains. mountain ranges, and hills. What makes continental-continental convergence unique compared to the other types of convergent boundary is that this is the only convergent boundary wherein no subduction occurs because as we discussed, as we explained earlier, both continental trusses are considered lighter compared to oceanic trusses. Okay that's why you can see triangular or conical Alright and that's it for Convergent Boundary. I don't have homework to do and I don't have a frame for next week. I want you to enjoy your long weekend. And for those of you who might forget this, here's the video for you. Enjoy your long weekend. See you on Tuesday. Bye-bye.

Now, so we will tackle the three different types of convergent boundary and as you can see here on the left side there is a continental cross and on the right side there is another continental cross and the first convergent boundary is continental-continental convergence. So for those who were absent yesterday and weren't able to witness the simulations in the PET simulation, I will simulate them for you. All right, so remember our first type of convergent boundary is continental-continental convergence. So you have two continental crusts colliding with each other.

So because of that, I will put a continental cross on the left and another continental cross on the right. Let me adjust the settings for you. So when I press play, so as you can see both continental cross become elevated. So there is an almost triangular or a cone form.

that you can see, it looks like a window when you remove the flap or roof or roof, the design. So let's go back to my PowerPoint presentation. So why is it that whenever two continental truss collide, both of them become elevated?

That's why you can see a lot of triangular features at their peaks. It happens because of their density. So both CCs or continental crusts are light, so both float as well. And it is very obvious that the three geological formations formed by continental-continental convergence are the following. So we have mountains or the bundok.

We have mountain ranges, the bulubundukin. And we also have hills, ang mga burol. So some famous local and international examples of the geological formations by continental continental virgins are the following.

So for mountains, we have the highest. mountain in the world which is Mount Everest found in the China-Nepal border. And just near the Mount Everest is the Himalayan mountain ranges which is found at the China-India border.

And in the Philippines, we have the Shera Madre mountain ranges from Region 2, Pagayan Valley, up until Region 5, Bicol Region. And then finally we have Chocolate Hills in Bohol, Philippines as well. So continental convergence is the easiest to spot because of the triangular or almost conical peaks in their shapes. No?

So, ayan. Now if you have continental-continental convergence, you also have oceanic-oceanic convergence wherein, as expectedly, you have two oceanic crusts colliding with each other. So for those who weren't able to witness the simulation yesterday, let me simulate this second type of convergent boundary for you. Let me just reset all the settings here first.

So for oceanic crusts here, there is one that is considered young and another one that is considered old. So I will put young oceanic crust on the left and an old oceanic crust at the right. Okay, so when I finally press play, you can see that the old oceanic crust sinks or subducts under the young oceanic crust. And you see volcanoes form in a trench at the center, somewhere in the middle. Alright, so compared to continental-continental convergence, in oceanic-oceanic convergence, you see at least...

one oceanic crust subducting under the other. And that subducting oceanic crust is the older and heavier oceanic crust. So remember, everything that sinks, everything that goes down is considered lighter or heavier. Sorry, heavier or denser. So that means...

This oceanic crust here that went down or that sunk, this is considered the old one, while the oceanic crust here is considered the younger one. Now, There are three geological formations formed by oceanic-oceanic convergence. So the first one in the very obvious at the center, we have volcanoes.

It erupts lava. The second one is the islands. And the third one, we're in, it is the deep line or deep range where the old oceanic cross of...

ducks under the younger oceanic grass that's the trenches all right so some famous examples of volcanoes islands and trenches we have the following so yeah we have augustine volcano in alaska and most recently now on monday remember the smog alert no because volcano erupted but the eruption was kind of weak because it only affected at least region 4a and certain areas of national capital region. For islands remember we have 100 islands in Pangasinan Philippines and for perennials just beside the Philippines we have the deepest trench called the Mariana or the Mariana's trench which is found at the western pacific ocean. So these three, volcanoes, islands, and trenches, they are the offshoots of oceanic-oceanic convergence.

Now for the third one, as you can see, you have an oceanic crust on the left and on the right side you have a continental crust. So the third and last type of convergent boundary is continental-oceanic convergence. So let me go back to our simulation and reset all the navigations here. So I will put a continental cross on the left and an old oceanic cross on the right. So by adjusting the settings and by pressing play, we can see that the older oceanic cross subducts under the continental crusts and you can almost see identical geological formations here just like in oceanic-oceanic convergence.

So based from what we witnessed a while ago, it is obvious that the oceanic crust subducts under the continental crust because as we learned from our very first lesson, the oceanic crust is heavier than the continental crust. And as a consequence, the geological formations of continental oceanic convergence are only volcanoes and trenches. So at this point, there are no islands formed. The islands are under oceanic-oceanic convergence only.

Okay, and basically that's it for the three types of convergent boundary. Now you might be wondering, what happens to the subducted crust? Where do they go and is there something amazing that happens somewhere down the road?

So let's complete the sentence here. So the subducted crust, blank to the blank, melts to blank, is expelled by blank. That's black holes to black. then the cycle repeats. And you have the pool of options here.

You have lava, sinks, rocks, mantle, magma, and volcanoes. So I'm going to... what you see here is a screenshot of the demonstration of continental oceanic convergence but you can also substitute here the demonstration for oceanic-oceanic convergence as well because they are the two types of convergence.

boundary wherein subduction happens. So let's begin. The subducted crust very obviously goes down. So the synonym of goes down is sinks to the mantle.

So it's solid at first, but because mantle is hot, the subducted crust melts to magma. And when there is enough accumulation of magma and some fresh buildup of pressure inside, magma is expelled then by volcanoes. And remember, once magma is outside the crust, magma is now referred to as lava. And once lava cools down, it turns to rocks. And then the cycle repeats.

So now that the sentence is formed, let me read it for you. what happens to the subducted crust? The subducted crust sinks to the mantle, melts to magma, is expelled by volcanoes, as lava cools to rocks, then the cycle repeats.

So in Tagalog, yung lulubog na crust mapupunta sa mantle, matutunaw as magma, ilalabas ng mga bulkan bilang lava, then lalamig bilang mga pato. What's fascinating to me about convergent boundary in general, specifically the two types of convergent boundary that undergoes abduction, is that we learned that the planet Earth has a way of recycling its land component. Because the rocks eventually, when lava falls on the rocks, the rocks will become part of the crust again, and then the old oceanic crust. or the oceanic crust rather would then subdued under the continental or a younger oceanic crust and then it would become part of the mandalas magma then it's a sabogan as lava then matutuy as bato no so this is how the planet earth recycles its own uh matter its own landforms no that's why whatever landform that was featured a while ago, mountains, mountain ranges, hills, volcanoes, islands, and trenches. Those six of them, they are not just tourist sites or destinations.

They are evidence that the planet Earth has its own way of recycling its own stuff. It doesn't need us human beings, although human beings can help to recycle the natural resources of the planet. But you know that it's not just there to be there.

It's doing its thing for a reason. Okay? So now, let's recap everything that we tackled by answering the following questions.

So don't feel dizzy or nauseous by the pictures. We will go into them one by one. Okay?

Let me start. So what crusts are in number one? So both crusts are actually supporting an ocean here.

So obviously these crusts are oceanic. Next, what driving stress motivates the crust in number one to move? So you see an arrow, one arrow pointed to the right and another one pointing to the left. So if they are colliding, then therefore they are motivated by a driving stress called compression.

Number three, what plate boundary is demonstrated above? So you have two oceanic crusts driven by compression. That's why the full name or the specific name of the plate boundary is oceanic.

oceanic convergence. Number four. So from numbers four to six, we will now identify the geological formations by oceanic-oceanic convergence. So number four is the most easily identifiable landform which is obviously a volcano.

For number five, it almost resembles a volcano, but since there is no eruption, we can call it an island. Because there's no space for the magma to erupt. That's why it's only an island, not a volcano. And number six, the deep portion wherein the oceanic crust subducts another oceanic crust is called a trench. There you go.

That means in this recap, this entire picture is a demonstration of oceanic-oceanic conversions and its geological formations. Alright, let's move on to the next picture. Let me just erase all the answers. Okay, number one. What cross is in number one?

The cross in number one supports ocean so that's an oceanic crust. Number two, what crosses in number two? The cross in number two supports continents that's why it's a continental crust. Number three, what driving stress motivates the cross in number one and number two to move? So you can see that the oceanic cross is moving to the right.

and the continental cross is moving to the left. That's why this plate boundary is driven by none other than compression. This is where the answer is written. Alright, oops.

There, sorry if the text is overlapping. Number four, what plate boundary is demonstrated above? So you have one oceanic crust colliding with a continental crust. That's why this one is a continental oceanic convergence. So sir, can we interchange the crust in the title?

Can we also call it oceanic continental convergence? That's also fine, okay? Now, there are two geological formations by continental oceanic convergence.

In number five, this is very obviously a volcano because you can see an eruption. In number six, the moment that you see the point where the oceanic crust subducts under the continental crust. So basically, the point of subduction, that is where the trench is located. So that means that this picture is a demonstration of continental oceanic convergence and its geological formations. Alright, finally the third one.

Okay, so what crusts are in number one? So walang oceans na sinusuportahan dito. That means both crusts are considered continental. Number two, what driving stress motivates the crusts in number one to move? So both continental crusts are moving towards each other.

So that means collision is happening and there's no other driving stress motivating collision other than competition. Number three, what plate boundary is demonstrated above? You have two continental crusts colliding with each other. So this is continental, continental convergence. Last question for this session, what landform or waterform is number four?

So there are three possible answers here, no? So we have mountains. mountain ranges, and hills. What makes continental-continental convergence unique compared to the other types of convergent boundary is that this is the only convergent boundary wherein no subduction occurs because as we discussed, as we explained earlier, both continental trusses are considered lighter compared to oceanic trusses.

Okay that's why you can see triangular or conical Alright and that's it for Convergent Boundary. I don't have homework to do and I don't have a frame for next week. I want you to enjoy your long weekend. And for those of you who might forget this, here's the video for you.

Enjoy your long weekend. See you on Tuesday. Bye-bye.

Transcript for:Convergent Plate Boundaries Overview

Transcript for:
Convergent Plate Boundaries Overview