Laptop Troubleshooting and Repairs

May 21, 2024

Review flashcards

Laptop Troubleshooting and Repairs

Challenges of Laptop Troubleshooting

  • Uniquely designed computing environments specific to form factor.
  • Some manufacturers' laptops easier to repair than others.
  • Familiarity with specific brands increases repair ease over time.
  • Manufacturers often provide service information for component replacements (keyboard, display, etc.).

Power Sources

  • Laptops have modular or non-modular batteries.
  • Batteries
    • Lithium-ion or Lithium-ion polymer.
    • Can be recharged multiple times without memory effect but diminish in capacity over time.
    • Batteries are specific to make and model.
  • Examples of modular battery mechanisms for easy replacement on the go.

Keyboard

  • Primary input device and easy to replace.
  • Connected via a single ribbon cable to the motherboard.
  • External keyboards (USB) can be used if internal keyboard malfunctions.
  • Smaller laptops sacrifice keyboard features (e.g., numeric keypad).
  • Keys and keycaps are delicate; follow manufacturer instructions for replacement.

Memory (RAM)

  • Uses SODIMM (Small Outline Dual In-Line Memory Module).
  • Accessible through an opening at the bottom of the laptop.
  • Some laptops have non-modular memory soldered to the motherboard.
  • SODIMM is easier to install and upgrade.

Storage

  • Types
    • Magnetic disks (traditional spinning hard drives).
    • Solid State Drives (SSDs) for better speed and reliability.
    • M.2 SSDs for smaller form factor and no cables.
  • Replacement Process
    • Accessible from either opening a back cover or the entire back of the laptop.
    • SSDs easily improve performance.

Storage Migration

  • Installation Methods
    • Fresh OS installation and manual data/app migration.
    • Cloning hard drive image to SSD for entire migration (data, apps, and OS).
  • Tools and software options for creating and copying images.

Wireless Connectivity

  • Built-in 802.11 (Wi-Fi) and Bluetooth in modern laptops.
  • Older laptops use mini PCI or mini PCI express for additional wireless cards.
  • Wireless Cards
    • User-replaceable; typically have a cover on the back of the laptop.
    • May include slots for 802.11, Bluetooth, and cellular connectivity.

Authentication

  • Newer OSs have biometric options (facial recognition, fingerprint).
  • Biometric Authentication
    • Uses Windows Hello Face and Fingerprint.
    • Provides a secure and quick access method.
    • Fingerprint sensors often present below the keyboard.
  • Near Field Communication (NFC)
    • Enables data transfer/authentication without physical touch.
    • Useful in environments like hospitals or warehouses.
    • Commonly used in mobile devices for payments and now integrated into laptops.