Analysis of the Poem "Ozymandias" by Percy Bysshe Shelley

Introduction to Percy Bysshe Shelley

• Born: 1792
• Romantic Poet: Part of the second generation
• Wealthy Background: Expected to inherit wealth and a political role
• Expulsion from University: Due to atheistic views
• Personal Life:
  • Married Mary Shelley (author of Frankenstein)
  • First wife committed suicide
  • Died at sea at age 29
• Popularity: Not widely known during his lifetime, associated with Byron and Keats posthumously

Context of "Ozymandias"

• Written During: Reign of King George III
• Influence: Dislike for oppressive, monarchical governments
• Romanticism Characteristics:
  • Dislike of urban life, embrace of nature
  • Interest in the supernatural
  • Use of ordinary language
  • Political and religious critiques
• Inspiration: Rameses II, Egyptian Pharaoh known for military conquests
• Writing Prompt: A friendly sonnet competition with Horace Smith
• British Museum Announcement: Acquisition of a statue fragment of Rameses II

Literal Meaning of "Ozymandias"

• Narrative: A traveler describes a ruined statue in the desert
• Imagery: Trunkless legs, shattered visage, and a sneer of cold command
• Inscription: "My name is Ozymandias, King of Kings; Look on my Works, ye Mighty, and despair!"
• Outcome: The statue is isolated, surrounded by desolate sands

Themes

• Ephemeral Nature of Power:
  • Power is temporary and will ultimately fade
  • Art and nature outlast human endeavors
• Critique of Religion: Possible satire of religious authority

Poetic Form and Structure

• Sonnet Form:
  • Combination of Petrarchan and Shakespearean sonnets
  • Suggests the evolution and impermanence of power
• Irony: The grandeur of Ozymandias is contrasted with the barren desert

Language Analysis

• Negative Imagery: "Sunk", "shattered", "wrinkled", "sneer"
• Alliteration: "Cold Command" emphasizes harshness
• Metaphor and Satire: Art as a critique of tyrannical power

Religious References

• Ozymandias as Egyptian Pharaoh: Possible connection to the biblical Exodus
• King of Kings: Title also attributed to Jesus, suggesting self-deification
• Desert Setting: Echoes biblical narratives

Conclusion

• Interpretations:
  • Critique of political and religious figures
  • Commentary on the transient nature of power
• Discussion Prompt: Viewers encouraged to reflect on the poem's critique of power and religious authority

Additional Resources

• Guide to Poetry: Available for purchase to support the creation of educational content.