Lecture Notes on Acid-Base Titration

Summary of Acid-Base Titration

In today's lecture, Professor Dave discussed the concept of acid-base titration, which is used to measure the concentration of an unknown acid or base in solution by finding the volume needed to neutralize it. The procedure uses a pH meter or an indicator that changes color at the equivalence point, revealing when the acid and base are in stoichiometric balance.

Key Points

Definition and Concept

• Titration: A method to determine the concentration of an acid or base in a solution by adding a volume of titrant to the solution until the reaction reaches the equivalence point.
• Stoichiometry: Involves the calculation of reactants and products in chemical reactions used in the context of titration.

Titration Curve

• pH vs. Volume: The graph plots pH of the solution against the volume of base added.
• Behavior of the Curve: Starts with a gradual rise in pH, followed by a sharp increase around the equivalence point.

Equivalence Point

• Characteristics: The point where the amount of added titrant exactly neutralizes the corresponding acid or base in solution.
• Indicator Role: A dye that changes color at the equivalence point to signify the end of the titration.
• pH Value: Ideally, the pH is 7 at the equivalence point for strong acid and strong base reactions. This value may vary if either of the reactants is weak.

Practical Example

• Scenario: Determining the concentration of a sodium hydroxide solution.
• Procedure:
  1. React a known volume (25 mL) of the base with 3.0M sulfuric acid.
  2. Measure that 11.6 mL of the acid is needed to reach the equivalence point.
  3. Convert the volume to liters and calculate using the molarity of sulfuric acid and stoichiometric ratios to determine the concentration of the sodium hydroxide.

Additional Resources

• Professor Dave's Channel: Additional tutorials available and encourages viewers to subscribe.
• Contact: Open invitation to email him for further clarification or questions.

Conclusion

Understanding titration assists in accurately measuring the concentration of solutions in lab settings, crucial for chemical reactions and formulations.