hello everybody Welcome to my video lecture where I'm going to start talking about a completely new topic in this video I am going to introduce the check prefixes with this video I'm going to start my new series on check prefixes and they will be focused on verbs and their common prefixes this video is introductory where I will show you how we can use these prefixes and how they affect the check verbs a verb prefix is something that we put at the beginning of the verb and we write it as one word prefixes resemble prepositions but unlike prepositions they are written together with that following router the verb when you write a preposition you always make a space and then the following noun usually this would be some of the common check prefixes Etc when you look at them you would say okay but these are prepositions yes exactly but these are also prefixes and as I said they would be at the beginning of a verb for example I could say or the gelat or gillat is a verb that means remove or I could say to finish cooking I started cooking something and then I stopped and now I'm going to finish cooking it do wash it but as you can see you write it as one word and so on why do we use these prefixes Czech language has very few tenses but you know that we have perfective and imperfective verbs which complicates things a little bit or let's be positive which makes things more interesting and when we want to make an imperfective verb perspective we often Add a prefix to mark that the action is done or when we change the meaning just like in English when you have phrasal verbs in Czech we have prefixes that we use for verbs they work in a similar way sometimes adding a prefix can change the meaning significantly and it can convert the verb in a totally different action for example you have a verb rat which means to play it's an imperfective verb when you say prohrat you put a prefix pro means to lose in a game and it also makes it an action that's finished it's a perfective verb to lose in a game the opposite would be Virat we add a prefix then means to win in a game and so on this is an introductory video so I don't want to give you too much information of course prefixes are not exclusive only for Czech language you can find them in other languages and especially in the family of Slavic languages and because they say the picture is worth a thousand words sometimes I'm going to express the check prefixes in a picture in a drawing that I'm going to show you very soon and one more thing I want to tell you about prefixes is that when you add a prefix to a verb the verb often becomes perfective it makes the action done but it doesn't mean that when it has a prefix it's an imperfective verb because you can have lots of imperfective verbs with a prefix and let me show you one more example means to lose and it's a finished action you can use it only for future or past program I will lose for future I lost for past but what if you want to say I am losing we are losing then there is also the imperfective equivalent with same prefix but the stem the verb would change a little bit so we could have the verbat and that's an imperfective verb with a prefix you could say we're losing right now we will be losing if you keep doing this for example when you talk about the circumstance we were losing enough with the grammar talk now I'm going to clear this board and I'm going to start drawing a story which you will listen to you will listen to a story in past tense the story will have 14 fairly short sentences with the verb eat to go and because the story is in past tense and I am telling the story it will appear in the feminine form but you will have all kinds of prefixes with it so pay attention look at the word you can read the check captions and try to guess what story is about de menato foreign [Music] [Music] [Music] foreign foreign [Music] [Music] did you understand what happened let's look at it again this time I'm going to display all the sentences in check and also their English translation you're going to follow the same story and the same drawing foreign [Music] [Music] [Music] them down foreign [Music] [Music] okay now you know what the story is about and let me briefly explain the prefixes that appeared in the story means I went on foot no prefix the second sentence has the prefixem the prefix V often means to go out so in this case it means to go out I came out I left I started my journey but be careful the prefix means more things remember the prefixes are just like prepositions and there is no one meaning for one preposition n is the same for the prefix it has more meanings in this introductory video I will only tell you that one meaning specific meaning in the sentence but in the following weeks we'll be focusing on the most common prefixes and other meanings they could have the common meanings next sentence is the prefix is which means go across I went across I crossed the street remember the preposition chess which means across this is the same thing is the next sentence means to in one of the cases and means I reached I walked and then I reached the specific point I reached I walked all the way to the end of the city I came to the forest I came to the beginning of the forest I approached the forest next one is you might remember me drawing this zigzag arrow proshla means I went through I walked through the forest National symptoms this is something that has a metaphoric meaning it has nothing to do with go nashla means I found I discovered found the verb is naive so naied has nothing to do with walking remember this is metaphoric meaning in and so is the prefix to go in I went in [Applause] and we can see order to leave I left I didn't like it there Schloss and Dal that's a verb without prefix I reached the lake here we have it again I went around this means to go around in Czech we don't really distinguish between coming and going so even though I'm not at home I can tell the story and I say I came there or I came here it's always free and the last sentence is in this particular story it means I managed to walk managed to walk or I reached a total of 25 kilometers by walking who here would mean that something was done an amount was reached so this is a quick analysis of the prefixes in this story and now we are going to do the last part and it is a little exercise for you to see how to work with these prefixes in a different tense this story was in past tense and it already happened now imagine that I am planning this trip tomorrow so I'm thinking tomorrow I will go for a walk and I will leave the house Etc I am going to use the same sentences but use them in future tense I want you to have a look at these sentences and change these verbs to future tense I'm going to show you first two sentences let's have a look at the example with vishlasem the past tense I want to say I will leave at nine tomorrow for example so I cannot use schlaf instead of I will use and present by itself it will mean I'm walking do but if you say vido means I will leave vedu and it makes it future tense perfective verb V that would be the infinitive we eat to go out to you use the same prefix and instead of schlach you use that's all except when you read it you would pronounce it as we do and there you would read the J actually they do the only thing that will be a little different is uh schlach when it doesn't have a prefix then you have to add a prefix to it for future tense some of you might know this how to say I will go you would say means I will go and this is all you need to know your time to shine I'll show you the sentences and past it and you will convert them to future tense and after a little bit I will show you the correct answers so while you work past the video great job this is all for me and I will see you next week where we will have a close look at the first check prefix a high vegetable Tech