HealthSketch on Stroke

Introduction to Stroke

• Definition: The term "stroke" refers to a sudden medical condition where blood flow to the brain is interrupted, causing brain cell damage.
• Stroke Statistics:
  • Over 15 million strokes occur worldwide annually.
  • 5 million fatalities and another 5 million disabled from strokes each year.
  • Most strokes occur in individuals over 65, but younger people can also be affected.

Understanding Stroke

• What is a Stroke?
  • Occurs when blood flow to the brain is cut off.
  • Symptoms depend on the affected brain area, including:
    • Drooping face
    • Weakness in arms/legs
    • Difficulty speaking
    • Changes in vision, balance, and memory loss.

Recognizing Stroke Symptoms (FAST)

• Face: Check for drooping on one side.
• Arms: Look for weakness or inability to lift both arms.
• Speech: Is speech slurred?
• Time: Call an ambulance if any signs are observed.

Types of Stroke

• Ischaemic Stroke:

  • Most common type; caused by blockages in the blood vessels due to fatty build-up (similar to a heart attack).
  • Clots may form in the brain or travel from elsewhere (e.g., neck or heart).
  • Treatment: Clot-busting medication (thrombolysis) if detected early; otherwise, aspirin may be used.

• Haemorrhagic Stroke:

  • Occurs when a blood vessel bursts, causing blood to leak into or around the brain.
  • May lead to swelling and require surgical intervention.

Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)

• Mini-stroke where symptoms last less than 24 hours; may only last a few minutes.
• Sign of high stroke risk; immediate hospital visit is essential.

Stroke Rehabilitation

• Importance of rehabilitation to recover lost abilities:
  • Dieticians for swallowing difficulties
  • Speech and language therapists for communication issues
  • Physiotherapists and occupational therapists for mobility and daily tasks
  • Counselors for emotional support and addressing dependency issues.

Stroke Prevention Strategies

• Key steps to reduce stroke risk:
  • Lower high blood pressure
  • Stop smoking
  • Reduce cholesterol levels
  • Increase physical activity
  • Healthy eating
  • Limit alcohol consumption
  • Manage diabetes effectively.

Conclusion

• Overview:
  • Importance of recognizing symptoms (FAST) and seeking timely medical help.
  • Treatments, rehabilitation, and prevention strategies discussed.
• Aim: HealthSketch provides vital information to help prevent and manage strokes.