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What are the key symptoms of a radial nerve injury associated with humerus fractures?
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Key symptoms include wrist drop due to radial nerve involvement.
For a distal radius fracture, what is the difference between Colles' and Smith's fractures?
Colles' fracture involves dorsal displacement while Smith's fracture involves volar displacement.
What injuries are associated with Game Keeper’s/Skiers Thumb and its primary management?
Involves the rupture of the ulnar collateral ligament of the thumb. Managed with a thumb spica splint.
What is Volkmann's contracture and what condition is it often associated with?
Volkmann's contracture is a condition of muscle shortening and is often associated with elbow fractures.
What are the stages of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS)?
The stages are Traumatic, Dystrophic, and Atrophic.
What is the 'Hand of Benediction' and which nerve injury does it indicate?
The 'Hand of Benediction' sign indicates median nerve injury.
What is the mnemonic for remembering the carpal bones and which bone is the most commonly fractured?
'So Long To Pinky Here Comes The Thumb.' The scaphoid is the most commonly fractured carpal bone.
What are the main symptoms and treatment strategies for Adhesive Capsulitis (Frozen Shoulder)?
Symptoms include decreased shoulder ROM. Treatment involves stretching exercises and cautious use of physical agent modalities (PAMS).
Describe the three phases of fracture healing.
1. Callous formation: 2-3 weeks, 2. Bone union: 4-6 weeks.
What is a Boutonniere Deformity and how is it managed?
Boutonniere Deformity involves PIP flexion and DIP hyperextension. It is managed with splinting to keep the PIP extended.
What are the characteristic symptoms and management options for Dupuytren's Contracture?
Symptoms include flexion deformity due to thickening of palmar fascia. Management involves splinting and possibly surgical intervention.
What tests are used to diagnose nerve injuries such as Carpal Tunnel and Ulnar Nerve Palsy?
Tinel's Sign, Phalen's Test, Fromment's Sign, Jeanne's, Wartenberg's, and Finkelstein's tests.
Explain the difference between CRPS Type 1 and Type 2.
CRPS Type 1 occurs after a noxious event, while Type 2 is associated with a specific nerve injury.
What are the management options for an unstable and displaced humerus fracture?
Management options include surgical interventions like ORIF (Open Reduction and Internal Fixation) and Ex-fix (External Fixation), or conservative methods like casting, bracing, or splinting.
Explain the symptoms of De Quervain's Tenosynovitis and its management.
Symptoms include pain and tenderness along the thumb tendons, with management involving a thumb spica splint and confirming the condition with a positive Finkelstein's test.
Which nerve is commonly affected by Colles' fracture, and what condition does it resemble?
The median nerve is commonly affected, resembling Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.
What are the weight-bearing precautions for patients with fractures?
Non-weight bearing, Touchdown weight bearing, Partial weight bearing (up to 50%), Weight-bearing as tolerated, Full weight bearing.
Describe the Duran and Kleinert protocols for flexor tendon injuries.
The Duran protocol involves passive ROM exercises, whereas the Kleinert protocol involves active extension combined with passive flexion.
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