Flashcards for:
GCSE PE Exam Preparation with Mr. Matthews

Agility (change direction quickly), Balance (maintain center of mass over base of support), Cardiovascular Endurance (heart and lungs supply oxygen over time), Coordination (use multiple body parts smoothly), Flexibility (range of movement at a joint), Muscular Endurance (ability to contract repeatedly), Power (strength x speed), Reaction Time (respond to a stimulus quickly), Speed (time to cover a distance), Strength (maximal, dynamic, explosive, static).

Immediate Effects: Increase in temperature, sweating, breathing rate, heart rate, vasodilation. Short-term Effects: EPOC, DOMS, fatigue, lightheadedness, nausea.

Alveoli have a high surface area, are surrounded by capillaries, and provide a short diffusion pathway for gas exchange, where oxygen diffuses from alveoli to capillaries and carbon dioxide does the reverse.

Benefits: Cheap, targets multiple body parts. Drawbacks: Needs a considerable amount of space and equipment.

Tendons (attach muscle to bone), Ligaments (attach bone to bone), Synovial Membrane and Fluid (reduce friction), Bursa (fluid-filled sac facilitating movement), Cartilage (reduces friction at bone ends), Joint Capsule (stabilizes and supports the joint).

Warm-Up Components: Pulse Raiser (increase heart rate and breathing rate), Stretching (static and dynamic), Skill Practice (familiarize with techniques). Importance: Prepares the body, reduces risk of injury.

Isotonic (movement), Concentric (muscle shortens), Eccentric (muscle lengthens), Isometric (muscle length remains constant).

Movement, Protection, Structural Shape, Support, Mineral Storage, Blood Cell Production.

Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction, rotation.

Arteries: Small lumen, thick walls, high pressure, carry blood away from heart. Veins: Large lumen, thin walls, low pressure, carry blood towards the heart. Capillaries: Smallest vessels, one-cell-thick walls, facilitate gas exchange.

Planes: Frontal (divides body into front and back), Transverse (divides body into upper and lower), Sagittal (divides body into left and right). Axes: Imaginary lines around which movement occurs.

Pre-Season: Build general and aerobic fitness. Peak Season: Maintain fitness, sport-specific skills. Post-Season: Rest, recovery, maintain baseline fitness.

Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the capillaries, and carbon dioxide diffuses from the capillaries into the alveoli.

Flat Bones (e.g., cranium), Long Bones (e.g., femur), Short Bones (e.g., carpals), Irregular Bones (e.g., vertebrae).

Tendons attach muscle to bone, while ligaments attach bone to bone.

Aerobic: 60-80% of maximal effort, uses oxygen, examples include long-distance running. Anaerobic: 80-90% of maximal effort, short bursts, examples include sprints.

High altitude training enhances red blood cell count, improving oxygen delivery to muscles, which boosts endurance.

Vasoconstriction is the narrowing of blood vessels, whereas vasodilation is the widening of blood vessels.

Cardiac Output is the volume of blood ejected per minute. It is calculated as Cardiac Output = Heart Rate x Stroke Volume.