Overview
This lecture covers the definition, structure, language features, conjunctions, writing process, and cohesion and coherence of descriptive texts for 9th grade Indonesian language studies.
Definition and Purpose of Descriptive Text
- Descriptive text clearly and in detail explains or depicts objects, places, or feelings.
- It aims to involve readers emotionally, allowing them to imagine and feel what is described.
- Uses figures of speech to strengthen emotion and imagery.
Structure of Descriptive Text
- Title: Short, clear, and relevant to the topic, attracting attention.
- General Description: Introduces the object or event in a general way.
- Section Description: Provides detailed explanations about parts or aspects of the object/event.
- Conclusion: States the author's impression or feelings about the described object/event.
Language Features of Descriptive Text
- Uses adjectives to describe objects, events, or emotions (e.g., sad, happy).
- Uses nouns to name objects, events, or feelings.
- Uses action verbs for behaviors or conditions (e.g., writing, taking).
- Uses mental verbs to express personal feelings (e.g., remembering, feeling).
- Includes connotative (emotional) meanings and figures of speech (e.g., metaphors, personification).
Conjunctions in Descriptive Text
- "Because" shows cause or reason between clauses.
- "Therefore" links cause and effect across sentences.
- "But"/"However"/"However" express contrast; "but" is informal, "however" is formal.
- "And" connects words or phrases of equal type or function.
- "When" marks simultaneous timing of events.
Writing Steps for Descriptive Text
- Prepare writing tools and recall a memorable event.
- List detailed points of the event, using senses and feelings.
- Develop points into a descriptive narrative with vivid, honest language.
- Use connotative meaning, figures of speech, and interesting diction.
- Reread to correct any errors in language or content.
Cohesion and Coherence in Descriptive Text
- Cohesion ensures sentences connect through repeated words, conjunctions, and pronouns.
- Coherence means all sentences and information support the main idea and are logically connected.
- Paragraphs should clearly express and support one main idea.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Descriptive Text — a text type describing objects, places, or feelings in detail.
- Connotative Meaning — emotional or additional meaning beyond the literal.
- Denotative Meaning — the literal, direct meaning of a word.
- Figures of Speech — language that compares or gives human traits to inanimate objects.
- Cohesion — integration of form; how sentences link together grammatically.
- Coherence — integration of meaning; logical flow of ideas.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Practice writing a descriptive text using the structure and language features discussed.
- Review conjunction usage and apply in your own descriptive paragraphs.