Overview
This lecture covers CompTIA A+ 220-1001 concepts, focusing on hardware, networking, operating systems, security, troubleshooting, and best practices for IT technicians.
Hardware and Components
- PCIe, SATA, and EIDE are common interfaces for storage and expansion cards.
- ECC and SODIMM memory types are used for error correction and laptops, respectively.
- Proper cooling uses thermal compound, processor heat sinks, and sometimes liquid cooling.
- Solid State Drives (SSD) provide the best shock resistance.
- USB 3.0 offers the fastest flash drive read/write speeds.
- Use anti-static bags and grounding bars for component protection.
Networking
- DHCP assigns IP addresses automatically; NAT allows multiple devices on one public IP.
- Class B subnet mask: 255.240.0.0.
- Switches use MAC tables; hubs send data to all ports.
- Star topology connects all nodes through a central switch.
- Use a tone generator/probe to trace cable connections.
- Port forwarding is needed for remote access to internal network services.
Printers and Peripherals
- Pickup rollers cause feeding issues; fuser assemblies fuse toner to paper in laser printers.
- Duplexing enables double-sided printing; collating sorts print jobs.
- Print servers share printers on the network.
- Maintenance kits include pickup rollers; touch screens and inkjet printers require calibration.
Troubleshooting & Best Practices
- Use multimeters to test PSU, cable continuity, and power output.
- Device Manager checks driver and device issues.
- Boot using "Last Known Good Configuration" after failed driver updates.
- Document steps, follow up with customers, and maintain a positive attitude.
Operating Systems & Security
- BIOS settings must match hardware for correct operation.
- Implement strong wireless encryption and MAC filtering for network security.
- Chain of custody preserves digital evidence during investigations.
- Use VPNs for secure remote access.
Key Terms & Definitions
- NAT (Network Address Translation) — Translates private IPs to a public IP for Internet access.
- ECC Memory — Error Correcting Code memory detects and corrects memory errors.
- SODIMM — Small Outline Dual In-line Memory Module, used in laptops.
- DHCP — Assigns IP addresses dynamically on networks.
- Port Forwarding — Redirects communication requests to specific devices on a network.
- Star Topology — Network design with all nodes connected to a central device.
- Chain of Custody — Documentation process to maintain integrity of evidence.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Review motherboard specs before upgrading RAM or other hardware.
- Practice using multimeter and tone probe for diagnostics.
- Update device drivers and BIOS as necessary.
- Study key port numbers (e.g., 22 for SSH, 443 for HTTPS, 3389 for RDP).
- Prepare for hands-on simulations and be ready to document findings and follow up with clients.