Tantra: A spiritual tradition encompassing various techniques and philosophies, often associated with the divine and mystical practices.
Vigyan Bhairav Tantra: An ancient scripture involving a conversation between Shiva (the Knower) and Devi (the Known), essentially the outer creation and inner creation.
Structure of Vigyan Bhairav Tantra
Questions and Answers: The Devi asks questions about the true nature of Shiva, and through the answers, 112 techniques or sutras are provided.
Types of Techniques:
Shambhavupai: Ideal and most difficult; involves maintaining consciousness without support.
Shaktopai: Medium difficulty; involves Guru’s grace, mind, breath, and mantras.
Anuvupai: Easiest; foundational techniques that are easily achievable.
Philosophical Background
Trikashaiva Philosophy: Shiva manifests the external world to recognize his true nature.
Shiva and Shakti: Union of divine masculine and feminine energies.
Technique Categorization
Shambhava Upay: Requires strong awareness and thoughtless state.
Shaktopai Upay: Utilizes Guru's grace and inner senses.
Anavapaya Upay: Mantras, yoga, prana, and thought constructs; includes Madhyamdhatva or centering methods.
Higher Conscious States
Samadhi: Ultimate union and oneness with consciousness.
States of Shunya: Six primary states, including Yoga Bhavana, Dharan, Dhyan, Pratyahara, Yoga, and Samadhi.
Historical Context
Origin: Approximately 5,000 years old, predating the Mahabharata.
Preservation: Works by Abhinav Gupta and Shemaraj, with notable contributions from Acharya Lakshman Ju.
Modern Interpretations
Osho's Approach: Radical interpretations in his "Book of Secrets", offering actionable techniques devoid of religious inference.
Focus on surrender and transformation through practice.
Key Concepts
OM: Sacred sound with three parts (A, U, M), representing different aspects of consciousness.
Pranav Sound: Interpreted as supreme protection and renovation of the soul.
Conclusion
Goal of Tantra: To achieve liberation, moksha, while living through awareness and inner transformation.
Practicability: Techniques are varied, allowing aspirants to find their own path for spiritual evolution.