Overview of Human Bones

Introduction

• Presenter: Connor
• Topic: Anatomy of the human bones
• Objective: Cover the main bones in the human body in under 10 minutes

Lower Limb

• Consists of Four Bones: Supports body weight, permits walking
• Leg Bones:
  • Tibia (Shin Bone): Large, supports most weight, easily palpated
  • Fibula: Thin, attached to tibia, vestigial (little weight support)
  • Patella (Kneecap): Transmits energy from quadriceps to leg
  • Femur: Articulates with pelvis (hip joint) and tibia, patella (knee joint)

Upper Limb

• Similar to Lower Limb: Two forearm bones, one arm bone
• Forearm Bones:
  • Ulna: Medial, forms elbow (olecranon process)
  • Radius: Articulates with ulna and wrist (supination, pronation)
• Arm Bone:
  • Humerus: Articulates at shoulder and elbow joints

Hand and Foot

• Foot (26 Bones):
  • Tarsal Bones: 7 short bones (e.g., talus, calcaneus)
  • Metatarsals: 5 long bones
  • Phalanges: 14 bones (proximal, intermediate, distal)
• Hand (27 Bones):
  • Carpal Bones: 8 short bones (e.g., scaphoid, lunate)
  • Metacarpals: 5 long bones
  • Phalanges: 14 bones (proximal, intermediate, distal)

Pelvis and Vertebral Column

• Pelvis: Composed of 2 innominate bones (ilium, ischium, pubis)
• Vertebral Column: 26 bones (cervical, thoracic, lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx)
• Ribcage: 12 pairs of ribs (true, false, floating), sternum (manubrium, body, xiphoid process)

Skull and Ear Bones

• Skull (22 Bones): Frontal, parietal, temporal, zygomatic, maxillae, mandible, sphenoid, ethmoid, lacrimal, nasal, inferior nasal conchae, palatine, voma, occipital
• Inner Ear Bones: Malleus, incus, stapes
• Hyoid Bone: C-shaped bone in neck, no direct articulation with other bones

Summary

• Total Bones Count: 212 bones + 32 teeth
• Breakdown:
  • Lower limbs: 8 bones
  • Upper limbs: 6 bones
  • Hands: 27 bones each
  • Feet: 26 bones each
  • Pelvis: 6 fused bones
  • Vertebral column: 26 bones
  • Ribcage: 27 bones
  • Skull: 22 bones
  • Inner ear: 3 bones each
  • Hyoid: 1 bone

Conclusion

• Learning Outcome: Comprehensive understanding of human skeletal anatomy in less than 10 minutes
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