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What are the characteristic differences in volume and frequency between small bowel and large bowel diarrhea?
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Small bowel diarrhea has higher volume and lower frequency, whereas large bowel diarrhea has lower volume and higher frequency.
Does secretory diarrhea resolve with fasting?
No
What is the osmotic gap in osmotic diarrhea?
Greater than 100 mOsm/kg
What symptoms are commonly associated with organic diarrhea but not with functional diarrhea?
Fever, arthritis, skin lesions
What type of diarrhea is characterized by an increased concentration of osmotically active solutes in the lumen?
Osmotic diarrhea
What differentiates acute from chronic diarrhea in terms of duration?
Acute diarrhea lasts less than 4 weeks, while chronic diarrhea lasts more than 4 weeks
What pathophysiological type of diarrhea is associated with increased peristalsis?
Diarrhea of altered motility
What are some examples of functional causes of chronic diarrhea?
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), lactose intolerance, food allergy, drug or alcohol abuse
Name two chronic organic causes of diarrhea.
Celiac disease and inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease)
What color is typically associated with small bowel diarrhea?
Yellow or gray
What are common causes of secretory diarrhea?
Bacterial endotoxins (e.g., E. coli, cholera)
What type of diarrhea often features blood and mucus due to mucosal inflammation?
Inflammatory diarrhea
What diagnostic measure indicates diarrhea?
More than 200 grams of stools in 24 hours
How does functional diarrhea typically differ from organic diarrhea in terms of timing?
Functional diarrhea usually occurs in the mornings and doesn’t wake the patient at night, while organic diarrhea has no specific pattern and may wake the patient at night.
Which diagnostic procedures can be used to follow up on diarrhea findings?
Esophageal duodenoscopy, colonoscopy, and biopsies
Does functional diarrhea typically involve blood in the stool?
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