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What roles do polysaccharides serve in plants and animals?
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Polysaccharides like cellulose act as a structural component in plant cell walls, while starch serves as energy storage in plants and glycogen in animals.
What is the basic building block of proteins?
Amino acids.
What is the relationship between nucleotides and nucleic acids?
Nucleotides are the monomer units of nucleic acids.
Which biomolecule is primarily responsible for storing genetic information?
Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA).
How do the structural elements of biomolecules affect their function?
The arrangement of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus (where applicable) determines the specific properties and functions of biomolecules.
How are disaccharides formed?
By combining two monosaccharides.
What characteristic of lipids makes them hydrophobic?
They are mostly composed of carbon and hydrogen, which do not dissolve in water.
Name two structural components where lipids play a crucial role.
Cell membrane (phospholipid bilayer) and myelin sheath for neuron insulation.
What is the monomer unit of carbohydrates and give an example?
Monosaccharides, such as glucose.
What mnemonic can help remember the composition of biomolecules?
CHO-CHO-CHON-CHONP
List three functions of proteins within the body.
Structural roles, enzymes for metabolic processes, and immune response (antibodies).
What makes proteins versatile in terms of functionality?
Their diverse structure, which allows them to serve as enzymes, structural components, and hormones, among others.
What are the four main types of biomolecules?
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Identify one function of steroids in the body.
They act as hormones (chemical messengers).
Why is glucose essential in cellular respiration?
It is crucial for producing ATP, the energy currency of the cell.
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