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What is the kinetic theory explanation for the effect of temperature on gas molecules?
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A decrease in temperature leads to a decrease in kinetic energy of gas molecules, causing them to move slower.
What is the result of pressure and volume calculations in confirming Boyle's Law using data tables?
P × V for each set of measurements should be constant, confirming Boyle's Law.
Why does water in a metal bowl decrease in temperature less compared to an insulating bowl?
Metal conducts heat from the surroundings to the water, raising its temperature and slowing the rate of cooling.
What practical example can demonstrate Boyle's Law?
Using a piston to compress gas demonstrates Boyle's Law.
In an experiment showing the relationship between pressure and volume, what confirms Boyle's Law?
Calculating the product P × V for each set of measurements and confirming it remains constant.
How does the relationship between pressure and volume appear on a graph?
The relationship is an inverse proportion, where as volume increases, pressure decreases and vice versa.
What effect does lowering the temperature in a cylinder of compressed gas have on gas molecules?
Lowering the temperature reduces the kinetic energy of gas molecules, causing them to slow down and decreasing the pressure.
Describe the observation in Experiment B with an electric fan blowing over the bowl of water.
There is a greater decrease in temperature compared to a draft-free room due to increased evaporation rate from the fan removing vapor.
Why does blowing air over water increase the evaporation rate?
Blowing air removes vapor, reduces humidity, and increases the evaporation rate, resulting in faster cooling of the water.
How is pressure at the bottom of a lake calculated?
Pressure (P) is calculated using the formula P = Density (ρ) × Gravity (g) × Height (h).
Why do mass and density change in a gas bubble rising to the surface of water?
The mass of the gas stays the same, but the volume increases as pressure decreases, leading to a decrease in density.
What are the main conditions required for Boyle's Law to be applicable?
A fixed amount of gas and constant temperature are required for Boyle's Law to hold.
During the ascent of a gas bubble, why does its volume increase?
As the bubble rises, the pressure decreases, causing the volume of the gas inside the bubble to increase.
Calculate the pressure exerted at the bottom of a 5m deep lake, assuming the density of water is 1000 kg/m³ and gravity is 10 m/s².
The pressure is 50,000 Pa.
Explain why the temperature of water decreases over time in an insulating bowl placed in a draft-free room.
Evaporation causes the most energetic molecules to escape, reducing the temperature of the remaining water.
What does Boyle's Law state?
Boyle's Law states that for a fixed amount of gas at constant temperature, the product of pressure and volume is constant (P1V1 = P2V2).
Using Boyle's Law, calculate the new volume (V2) if P1 = 1 MPa, V1 = 0.2 m³, and P2 = 0.1 MPa.
V2 = 2 m³
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