Overview
This lecture introduces psychology as the scientific study of mind and behavior, explains its empirical foundations, and highlights the practical value of studying psychology.
Defining Psychology
- Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behavior.
- Psychologists use the scientific method to acquire knowledge about behavioral and mental processes.
- Research in psychology involves forming hypotheses, conducting observations or experiments, and sharing results for replication.
Scientific Foundations of Psychology
- Scientific theories provide broad explanations supported by consistent evidence.
- Hypotheses must be testable and based on measurable, perceivable phenomena.
- Psychology relies on empirical methods: knowledge based on observation and experimentation.
- Science studies matter and energy; values and morality are outside its scope.
- The scientific method, a form of empiricism, emphasizes observation over tradition or logical argument alone.
Psychology as a Discipline
- Psychology emerged as a separate academic field in the late 1800s.
- Before this, questions about the mind belonged to philosophy.
- Psychology includes aspects of both natural sciences (like biology) and social sciences.
- Human behavior is shaped by biological, environmental, and social interactions.
Merits of Studying Psychology
- Psychology is a popular major, offering personal insight and skills useful for many careers.
- Students develop critical thinking, scientific literacy, and communication skills.
- Critical thinking includes skepticism, recognizing biases, logical reasoning, questioning, and careful observation.
- Understanding psychology helps explain the interaction of biology, environment, and experience in shaping behavior.
- Psychology fosters appreciation for individual and cultural diversity.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Psychology — the scientific study of the mind and behavior.
- Scientific Method — a systematic approach for gathering knowledge based on observation and experimentation.
- Hypothesis — a tentative, testable explanation for a phenomenon.
- Theory — a broad explanation supported by evidence over time.
- Empiricism — acquiring knowledge through observation and experimental evidence.
- Critical Thinking — the active process of analyzing, evaluating, and interpreting information.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Watch the linked video on questions to consider before majoring in psychology.
- Review key terms from the chapter.
- Reflect on personal reasons for studying psychology and its relevance to your goals.