Lecture Notes: Male Reproductive System

Overview

• Discussion on fertilization and capability with low sperm count.
• Examination of the penis structure and function, focusing on ejaculation and erection.

Anatomy of the Penis

• Urethra: Passageway for ejaculation.
• Erectile Tissue:
  • Three masses lined by endothelial cells.
  • Surrounded by smooth muscle and elastic connective tissue.
• Corpora Cavernosa Penis: Located on the anterior surface.
• Corpus Spongiosum Penis: Encloses the penile or spongy urethra.
• Anatomical Parts:
  • Root, bulb, corpora cavernosa, corpus spongiosum, glans penis.

Structure and Function

• Corpora Cavernosa Penis: Begins at the cura, attached to ischial and pubic rami.
• Muscles Involved:
  • Ischiocavernosus muscle
  • Bulbospongiosus muscle
• Tunica Albuginea: Surrounds the structure and can rupture, leading to complications.

Potential Conditions and Treatment

• Penile Fracture:
  • Occurs when penis is erect and bends excessively.
  • Results in a cracking sound and requires emergency treatment.
• Peyronie's Disease:
  • Plaque development causes abnormal curvature.
  • Treatment possibly involves drug therapy.
• Circumcision:
  • Common in Israel, USA, and Muslim countries for tradition/religion.
  • Considerations on sensitivity, disease prevention, and tradition.

Penile Implants

• Used for individuals unable to take erectile dysfunction medications.
• Function:
  • Saline reservoir fills a cylinder in the penis to mimic erection.

Physiology of Erection and Ejaculation

• Erection:
  • Parasympathetic action; artery dilation; mediated by nitric oxide.
  • Blood trapped by compression of veins.
• Ejaculation:
  • Sympathetic action; peristaltic contractions propel semen.
  • Muscles involved: Ischiocavernosus, bulbospongiosus.
  • Sphincter contraction at bladder base to prevent simultaneous urination.

Conclusion

• End of discussion on the male reproductive system.
• Open for questions or dismissal.