Overview of Computers

Introduction

• Speaker: Shweta, Computer Science Faculty at Vidyas Pre University College, Mysore.
• Chapter Focus: Overview of computers, worth 8 marks in exams.

Definition of Computer Science

• Study of computation and information.
• Involves theory of computation, algorithms, and design of computers (hardware, software, applications).
• Computation: Arithmetic and non-arithmetic problems.

Key Figures in Computer Science

• Father of Computer Science: Alan Turing.
• Father of Computers: Charles Babbage (invented the Analytical Engine).

Importance of Computers

• Considered the most powerful machine created by man.
• Ubiquitous in everyday life: homes, hospitals, industries, etc.

Characteristics of Computers

1. Speed: Processes complex calculations faster than humans.
2. Storage: Can store large amounts of data.
3. Accuracy: Produces accurate results if input data is correct.
4. Diligence: Works without fatigue or errors.
5. Versatility: Can perform multiple tasks simultaneously.
6. Flexibility: Used across various fields (research, military, calculations).
7. Cost Effectiveness: Reduces paperwork and human effort.

Components of Computer Systems

• Key Components: Hardware, Software, Data, Information, Users.

Hardware

• Physical components of a computer system (e.g., keyboard, monitor, printer).
• Cannot be affected by viruses.

Software

• Set of programs/instructions essential for operation.
• Two types:
  • System Software: Controls and manages hardware resources (e.g., operating system).
  • Application Software: Performs specific tasks (e.g., word processors, games).

Data and Information

• Data: Collection of raw facts (e.g., numbers, text).
• Information: Processed data that provides meaning.

Users

• Individuals who utilize computers to perform tasks.

Block Diagram of Computer

• Four main units:
  1. Input Unit: Enters raw data into the computer (e.g., keyboard, mouse).
  2. Central Processing Unit (CPU): Processes data; contains:
     • Control Unit: Manages overall operations.
     • Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU): Performs arithmetic and logical operations.
  3. Memory Unit: Stores data temporarily and permanently.
  4. Output Unit: Produces results for users (e.g., monitor, printer).

Memory Classification

• Primary Memory: Main memory (RAM and ROM).
• Secondary Memory: Extra storage (e.g., hard disks, USB drives).

Conclusion

• Next session will cover the evolution and generation of computers.