Stock. Represent ownership in a company. Each unit of a stock is called a share.
If you own 50% of YouTube's stock, you own half of YouTube. Shareholder. Someone who owns a stock. Stock exchange.
Place where investors can buy or sell stocks. Public company. Company whose ownership is organized via shares of stock that are intended to be freely traded on a stock exchange. Bull market. Bear market.
A bull market means that prices are rising. A bear market means that prices are falling. They are named after each animal's attack style.
Volatility. How fast the stock price moves up and down. Volume.
Number of shares of a company traded each day. Capital. Broad term that can describe anything that gives value to its owners. It usually refers to money, but it can also describe machinery, patents, etc.
Liquidity. How easily you can get into and out of a stock. It increases with volume. Bubble.
Bubbles occur when prices for a particular item rise far above the item's real value due to too much optimism. Sooner or later, the high prices become unsustainable, and they fall dramatically until the item is valued at or even below its true worth. IPO.
Initial price offering happens when a private company becomes publicly traded in order to raise money. Dividends. Portion of a company's earnings that is paid to people who own the stock. Not every company pays dividends. Blue-chip stocks.
Stock that comes from a well-known established company. they have a strong history of performance and often pay dividends. Forex.
Foreign exchange. Involves trading different currencies. Portfolio.
Collection of investments owned by an investor. Holdings. Contents of a portfolio.
Interests. When you get or give a loan, the one who is lending the cash usually wants more cash than what he initially lent. The extra cash that has to be given is called interest.
Bond. When an investor gives a loan to a company or a government, the investor earns through interest. Security.
Tradable financial instruments such as stocks and bonds. Broker. Since you can't directly go to the stock exchanges to buy stocks, someone will do it for you, usually for a fee.
This is called a broker. Nowadays, they are mostly online platforms. Going long.
Betting that a company's stocks price will increase so that you can buy low and sell high. Asset. Resource with economic value that someone owns or controls with the expectation that it will provide a future benefit. Commodity. Basic goods interchangeable between producers.
such as grains, gold, beef, oil, and natural gas. It usually refers to raw materials. Yield. It's what you earned from an investment.
P-ratio. The price-to-earnings ratio is one of the most widely used tools that investors and analysts use to determine a stock's valuation. It's one indicator of whether a stock is overvalued or undervalued.
However, the P-E ratio can mislead investors because past earnings do not guarantee future earnings will be the same. Likewise, projected earnings may not actually happen. Index. It's a method to track the performance of a group of assets.
Indexes typically measure the performance of a basket of stocks intended to replicate a certain area of the market. The most famous index is the S&P 500, which tracks the 500 largest U.S. companies. Futures Contracts that obligate parties to buy or sell an asset at a predetermined future date and price.
The buyer must purchase or the seller must sell the underlying asset at the set price, regardless of the current market price at the expiration date. Options Options contracts give buyers the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell, depending on the type of contract, an underlying asset at an agreed-upon price and date. Call options allow the holder to buy the asset at a stated price within a specific time frame. Put options, on the other hand, allow the holder to sell the asset at a stated price within a specific time frame. ETFs.
Baskets of stocks that trade like regular stocks. They can be passively or actively managed. Passively managed ETFs just try to match the underlying stock.
Actively managed ETFs have a manager or team making decisions on what stocks to put in the basket. IRAs. It stands for Individual Retirement Account, and it's a long-term savings account that individuals with earned income can use to save for the future while enjoying certain tax advantages. Liability. Something a person or company owes.
Penny stocks. Shares valued at less than $5. They are usually considered highly risky.
Market cap. It refers to how much a company is worth, as determined by the stock market. Leverage.
It refers to using borrowed money from a lender to invest. It's done to increase the potential return of an investment. It also greatly increases risks.
Balance sheet. Financial statement that reports a company's assets, liabilities, and shareholder equity at a specific point in time. It provides a list of what a company owns and owes, as well as the amount invested by shareholders. Inflation.
A rise in prices, which can be translated as the decline of purchasing power over time. Basically, money becomes less valuable. Bid.
The highest price at which a buyer is willing to pay. Ask. The lowest price at which a seller is willing to sell. Bid ask spread.
The amount by which the ask price exceeds the bid price. It has to be resolved before the transaction can take place. Black Swan. It's slang for a completely unforeseen and unexpected event. Dead Cat Bounce.
It's slang for a temporary, short-lived recovery of a stock price from a prolonged decline that is followed by even more decline. Whales. It's slang for investors or corporations with such large capital that their buys and sells make waves in the market like only animals of gigantic size can. Unicorns. Startups that have come to be valued at $1 billion or more, named like this for their incredible rarity.
To the moon. It's slang for a stock or asset rising in price stratospherically, often quickly. Tanking.
The opposite of to the moon. Stocks depreciating in value, often quite significantly and quite quickly. Jigged out. When a market moves into an unfavorable position and you close out your trade, only for the market to rally into a position where you would have made a profit or at least not a loss. Pump and dump.
Form of fraud that involves artificially inflating the price of an owned stock through false and misleading positive statements. Pump. In order to sell the cheaply purchased stock at a higher price.
Dump. Once the operators of the scheme dump sell their overvalued shares, the price falls and the other investors lose their money. Rug pull. A pump and dump in new small cryptocurrencies, usually done by their creators. Panic selling.
Widespread sell-off of a stock, a sector, or an entire market due to fear or overreaction. rather than reasoned analysis. Usually happens when prices start to decrease a lot, which makes the price decrease even more.
Stock exchanges temporarily halt trading when panic selling reaches a specified level in an attempt to break the cycle of fear and selling. Shorting. Investment strategy that speculates on the decline of a stock's price. The investor borrows shares of a stock from a lender and instantly sells them. When it's time to give them back, the investor has to buy back the shares to re-give them to the lender.
If the price has gone down, he keeps the difference between the initial price and the new price. This, however, comes with unlimited risk, as the stock price can go up infinitely and the investor is forced to buy it back. Short squeeze. When the stock's price unexpectedly increases drastically over a short period of time, the investors who were shorting are forced to cut losses by exiting their positions, which means buying back the stocks to re-give them to the lender.
This makes those investors lose money, and it makes the stock's price increase even more since all of the short investors have to buy it. Limit order. It's an order to buy or sell a stock at a specific price or better. Stop-loss order.
Order placed to buy or sell a specific stock once the stock reaches a certain price. Long squeeze. Basically the same thing as the short squeeze, but those who are going long get squeezed. This is usually caused by the trigger of many stop-loss orders and by people panic selling.
Market order. It's an order to buy or sell a stock at the best available price in the market. It typically ensures execution. but it doesn't guarantee a specified price. It's kind of like buying a product without negotiating.
Good till canceled order. It's an order to buy or sell stock that lasts until the order is completed or canceled. Day order.
It's an order to buy or sell a stock at a specific price that expires at the end of the trading day if not completed. Averaging down. It's a strategy that involves a stock owner purchasing even more stocks when the price drops. As the name says, it decreases the average price at which the investor purchases the stock. Fading.
A trader who deliberately goes against market sentiment or trends. Hedge fund. Limited partnership of private investors whose money is managed by professional fund managers who use a wide range of risky strategies to earn above-average investment returns.
They usually require a high minimum investment or net worth, and they often target wealthy clients. Mutual fund. They pool assets from shareholders to invest in stocks.
They are operated by professional money managers who allocate the fund's assets and attempt to produce gains for the fund's investors. Mutual funds give small or individual investors access to professionally managed portfolios. Each shareholder, therefore, participates proportionally in the gains or losses of the fund. Control stock refers to shares owned by major shareholders of a company.
These shareholders will have either a majority of the shares outstanding or a portion of the shares that is significant enough to allow them to exert a controlling influence on the decisions made by the company. Holding company. Businesses that don't produce or sell anything, but they hold the controlling stock in other companies.
The companies owned by a holding company are called subsidiaries. While it may oversee the company's management decisions, it does not actively participate in running the day-to-day operations of its subsidiaries. Index fund. Type of mutual fund or ETF with a portfolio constructed to match or track the components of an index, such as the S&P 500. Day trading.
It's a fast-paced trading strategy where individuals buy and sell stocks within the same trading day. The primary goal of day traders is to profit from short-term price movements. Swing trading.
Swing trading is a medium-paced trading strategy with trades that last from a couple of days to several months. The goal is to profit from an anticipated price move. Intrinsic value. Measure of what an asset is worth? It's usually different from the current market price of that asset.
Book value. It's the value of a business according to its books. It theoretically represents what investors would get if they sold all of the company's assets and paid all its debts. While intrinsic value takes into account estimates for the future, book value only measures the present. Price-to-book ratio.
It compares a share's market price to its book value. Value investing. It's a trading strategy that involves picking stocks that appear to be trading for less than their intrinsic or book value.
Value investors usually believe that the market overreacts to good and bad news and buy stocks that they think the market is underestimating. Growth investing. Growth investors typically invest in young and small companies whose earnings are expected to increase at an above-average rate compared to the market. This can provide better returns, but it also often comes with more risk.
Earnings per share. It indicates how much money a company makes for each share of its stock by dividing its net profit by the number of common shares it has outstanding. Technical analysis.
It's a trading strategy employed to identify trading opportunities by analyzing statistical trends. Fundamental Analysis Fundamental analysts identify trading opportunities by analyzing the actual factors of the company, such as its competitors, its management effectiveness, the state of its industry, etc. Efficient Market Hypothesis It's the hypothesis that share prices reflect all available information, making it impossible to beat the market consistently.
Supply and Demand Supply refers to the quantity of a good or service available, while demand is the quantity that people want. If demand is high and supply is low, prices tend to rise. If supply is high and demand is low, prices tend to fall.
Insider trading. It's the activity of trading in a public company's stock by using information that is not available to the public. This information is usually gathered from employees of that company, managers, etc. This is illegal most of the time.
Ticker symbol. It's just an abbreviation used to uniquely identify people. publicly traded companies. Compound interest.
It means earning interest not just on your original investment, but also on the interest you earned over time. This creates an exponential curve of earnings over long periods of time. Profit margin. It's the percentage of profit a company makes from its revenue after subtracting all of its costs. Dollar cost averaging.
It's a strategy that consists of investing a fixed amount of money at regular intervals regardless of the asset's price. This helps reduce the impact of market volatility. Return on investment. It's how much profit or loss you've made on an investment relative to its cost. Shout out to these guys who are the first patrons that support my channel.
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