Overview
This lecture demonstrates how to perform an upper extremity reflex examination, highlighting the techniques and expected responses for each major reflex.
Biceps Reflex
- Support the forearm on the patient's thighs in a relaxed position between flexion and extension.
- Place one finger over the biceps tendon and tap briskly.
- Expect to see flexion at the elbow as a normal response.
Brachioradialis Reflex
- Flex the patient's arm at the elbow and position it midway between pronation and supination (midrone).
- Tap over the brachioradialis tendon at the wrist.
- Observe for flexion and supination of the forearm.
Pronator Teres Reflex
- Position the patient's arm supine (palm up).
- Tap over the pronator teres muscle.
- Look for pronation of the forearm as the response.
- Note the difference between this reflex and the brachioradialis reflex.
Triceps Reflex
- Support the patient's arm in abduction and internal rotation.
- Tap briskly over the triceps tendon.
- Expect to see extension of the arm at the elbow.
Finger Jerk Reflex
- Place the patient’s fingers in a semiflexed position and match them with your own fingers.
- Tap briskly over your own fingers.
- Observe for finger flexion as the expected response.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Flexion — bending a joint, decreasing the angle between two body parts.
- Extension — straightening a joint, increasing the angle between two body parts.
- Supination — rotating the forearm so the palm faces up.
- Pronation — rotating the forearm so the palm faces down.
- Tendon — a fibrous connective tissue attaching muscle to bone.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Practice each reflex examination technique on a partner or mannequin.
- Review the anatomical landmarks for each muscle and tendon involved.