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What were the core principles of Enlightenment thought in the 18th century?
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Enlightenment thought emphasized reason, science, rationalism, empiricism, and progressivism, challenging traditional religious beliefs.
Discuss the implications of the Treaty of Paris 1763 for British colonial interests.
The Treaty of Paris 1763 concluded the French and Indian War, granting Britain significant territorial gains in North America and strengthening British domination.
Describe the impact of the Stono Rebellion on colonial laws and regulations.
The Stono Rebellion led to the implementation of stricter slave codes, increasing control over enslaved populations in the colonies.
How did the political structure of proprietary colonies shape colonial governance?
Proprietary colonies, such as New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and the Carolinas, were governed by individuals or families granted land by the crown, which influenced governance based on personal interests.
What were the primary economic interests of Great Britain in its empire during the 18th century?
The primary economic interests included the British East India Company in India, British slave traders in West Africa, and sugar plantations in the West Indies, particularly in Barbados and Jamaica.
How did the Restoration impact the expansion of the English empire?
The Restoration led by Charles II strengthened England's global presence and resulted in the establishment of proprietary colonies in North America, thereby expanding the English empire.
What were the outcomes of the New York Conspiracy Trials of 1741?
The trials resulted in mass executions and highlighted ethnic conflicts and racial tensions within colonial society.
How did the consumer revolution alter colonial life in British America?
The consumer revolution increased the availability of goods like tea and printed materials, fostering a shared culture between the colonies and Britain and contributing to the emergence of a colonial gentry.
Explain the significance of the Glorious Revolution for the English political system.
The Glorious Revolution resulted in the establishment of a constitutional monarchy, guaranteeing rights like trial by jury and religious tolerance with the 1689 Bill of Rights.
What were the consequences of the Navigation Acts on the American colonies?
The Navigation Acts imposed mercantilist policies, leading to 'salutary neglect' and encouraging smuggling due to lax enforcement.
What were the major imperial conflicts between 1689 and 1763, and what was their significance?
The major conflicts included King William's War, Queen Anne's War, King George's War, and the French and Indian War, which were significant for consolidating British power in North America.
What were the long-term effects of the English engagement in the slave trade on their colonial holdings?
The English involvement in the slave trade solidified economic reliance on slave labor, particularly in the Southern colonies, shaping social and economic structures that persisted for centuries.
What stimulated the population growth in the North American colonies from 1700 to 1750?
The population growth was stimulated by increased immigration, natural increase, and the economic pull of North American resources and opportunities.
What was the role of John Locke's philosophy following the Glorious Revolution?
John Locke's philosophy advocated for government as a social contract and emphasized representation, influencing political thought and governmental structure.
Who were the key figures of the Great Awakening and what was their impact on colonial society?
Key figures included Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield, whose promotion of emotional religiosity led to divisions between new and old forms of Protestantism.
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