Heimler's History: AP US History Unit 4 Review (1800-1848)

Introduction

• Covers the period 1800 to 1848
• Main themes:
  • Expanding role of the US in world affairs
  • Transformation of society and economy
  • Growing democratic impulses

Political Context

• Election of 1800: Thomas Jefferson elected
• Debates: Continued between Democratic Republicans and Federalists
  • Foreign Relations: Barbary Pirates incident
  • Federal Power: Strict vs. loose constructionism

Key Events and Policies

• Louisiana Purchase:
  • Negotiated by James Monroe
  • Contradicted Jefferson’s strict constructionist view
• Supreme Court Decisions:
  • Marbury v. Madison (1803): Established judicial review
  • McCulloch v. Maryland (1819): Federal law supersedes state law

War of 1812

• Causes:
  • Seizure of American ships by Britain and France
  • British impressment of Americans
• Consequences:
  • Nationalism
  • Decline of Federalist Party
  • Exposed weaknesses in American infrastructure and credit

Economic Developments

• Market Revolution:
  • Northern industries linked with southern agriculture
  • Advances in technology and transportation
  • American System: Proposed by Henry Clay
    • Internal improvements
    • Protective tariffs
    • Second Bank of the U.S.

Society and Culture

• Immigration: Increase in German and Irish immigrants
• Urbanization: Expansion of industrial cities
• Women: Cult of Domesticity
• Middle Class: Emergence

Expansion of Democracy

• Voting Rights:
  • Expansion to non-property owning white males
  • Panic of 1819 fueled demand for voting rights
• Political Realignment:
  • Democratic Party: Led by Andrew Jackson
  • National Republicans/Whigs: Led by Henry Clay

Major Political Conflicts

• Tariff of 1828: "Tariff of Abominations"
  • Led to doctrine of nullification by John C. Calhoun
• Second Bank of the United States: Jackson's veto
• Indian Removal Act (1830): Trail of Tears

Reform Movements and Cultural Developments

• Second Great Awakening: Religious revival
• Abolitionism:
  • Sparked by William Lloyd Garrison's "The Liberator"
  • Seneca Falls Convention (1848): Women's rights
• Transcendentalism: Influenced art and philosophy
• Utopian Communities: Example: Oneida Community

American Foreign Policy

• Adams-Onis Treaty (1819): Florida acquisition
• Monroe Doctrine (1823): Asserted American influence in Western Hemisphere

Southern Society and Slavery

• Plantation Economy: Expansion westward
• Nat Turner's Rebellion (1831): Increased fear of uprisings
• Yeoman Farmers: Non-slaveholding whites

Conclusion

• Recap of major themes and events from 1800-1848
• Encouragement to use additional study resources