Telecommunications and Connectivity

Jul 16, 2024

Telecommunications and Connectivity

Introduction to Telecommunications

  • Definition: Collection of nodes forming a network, sending messages via protocols (e.g., IP protocol).
  • Importance: Often unnoticed until it doesn't work.

Economic Impact of Connectivity

  • General Impact: 10% increase in broadband access can increase GDP by almost 3%.
  • Internet Shutdown Impact: £140 million/day loss; e.g., 3 UK shutdown, AWS outages.

Societal Impact of Connectivity

  • Widespread Benefits: Connectivity powers entire economies, including remote corners of the world.

Case Studies

Medical Robotics

  • Problem: Loss of tactile feedback in laparoscopic surgery for neurologists.
  • Solution: Robotic arm with a sensor connected over a 5G Network:
    • 360 camera for immersive experience inside the body.
    • Sensors detect cancerous tissue by tactile signals.
    • Use of tactile glove for MRI to locate cancerous tissue.
    • Global training via fast internet.

Traffic Management in Greater Manchester

  • Problem: Traffic congestion, impacting productivity.
  • Solution: AI-controlled traffic lights connected to a private 5G network:
    • AI sensors manage traffic light signals.
    • Private network ensures reliability during peak hours.
    • Diversification reduces dependency on service providers.

Current Network Model vs. Decentralized Model

Current Vertically Integrated Model

  • Structure: Expensive equipment by big companies -> Service providers choose network locations -> Consumers use services.
  • Limitation: Centralized and profitability-driven.

Decentralized Model

  • Structure: Network built through a combination of assets by different providers (e.g., buildings, city councils).
  • Role of Blockchain: Integrates various network assets into a single distributed network.
  • Marketplace: Owners of infrastructure can profit, service providers can share and use infrastructure.

Benefits of Decentralized Physical Network

  • Aggregation of Assets: Different entities (building owners, cities) can own networks.
  • Orchestration: Use of distributed orchestration tools to connect networks.
  • Blockchain Marketplace: Assets available as a service on a decentralized platform.

Conclusion

  • Increased Awareness: Importance of connectivity and decentralized networks in modern society.

Note: These are summarized notes from a detailed lecture on telecommunications and the impact of connectivity on various sectors, including healthcare and traffic management. The lecture also discussed the transition from centralized to decentralized network models and the role of blockchain in this transition.