hello I am continuing to read from a textbook called communication in the real world an introduction to communication studies this is chapter one section three communication principles learning objectives discuss how communication is integrated in various aspects of your life two explain how communication meets physical instrumental relational and identity needs three explain how the notion of a process fits into communication before discuss the ways in which communication is Guided by culture and context taking this course will change how you view communication most people admit that communication is important but it's it's often in the back of our minds or viewed as something that just happens putting communication at the front of your mind and becoming more aware of how you communicate can be informative and have many positive effects when I first started studying communication as an undergraduate I began seeing the concepts we learned in class in my everyday life when I worked in groups I was able to apply what I had learned about group communication to improve my performance and overall experience I also noticed interpersonal Concepts and theories as I communicated within various relationships whether I was analyzing mediated messages or considering the ethical implications of a decision before I made it studying communication allowed me to see more of what was going on around me which allowed me to more actively and competently participate in various communication contexts in this section as we learn the principles of communication I encourage you to take note of aspects of communication that you haven't thought about before and begin to apply the principles of communication to various parts of your life communication is integrated into all parts of our lives this book is meant to help people see the value of communication in the real world and in our real lives when I say real I don't mean to imply that there is some part of our world or lives that is not real since communication is such a practical field of study I use the word real to emphasize that what you're reading in this book isn't just about theories and vocabulary or passing a test and giving a good speech I also don't mean to imply that there is a divide between the classroom and the real world the real world is whatever we are experiencing at any given moment in order to explore how communication is integrated into all parts of our Lives I have divided up our lives into four spheres academic professional personal and Civic the boundaries and borders between these spheres are not solid and there is much overlap after all much of what goes on in a classroom is present in a professional environment and the classroom has long been seen as a place to prepare students to become active and responsible citizens in their civic lives the philosophy behind this approach is called integrative learning which encourages students to reflect on how the content they are learning connects to other classes they have taken or are taking their professional goals and their civic responsibilities academic it's probably not difficult to get you you students in a communication class to see the relevance of communication to your academic lives at least during this semester studying communication is important to earn a good grade in the class right beyond the relevance to your grade in this class I challenge you to try and make explicit connections between this course and courses you have taken before and are currently taken then when you leave this class I want you to connect the content in future classes back to what you learned here if you can begin to see these connections now you can build on the foundational communication skills you learn in here to become a more competent Communicator which will undoubtedly also benefit you as a student aside from wanting to earn a good grade in this class you may also be genuinely interested in becoming a better Communicator if that's the case you are in luck because research shows that even people who have poor communication skills can improve over a wide range of verbal non-verbal and interpersonal communication skills by taking introductory communication courses communication skills are also tied to academic success poor listening skills were shown to contribute significantly to failure in a person's first year of college also students who take a communication course repeat report more confidence in their communication abilities and these students have higher grade point averages and are less likely to drop out of school much of what we do in a classroom whether it is the interpersonal interactions with our classmates and Professor individual or group presentations or listening is discussed in this textbook and can be used to build or add to a foundation of good communication skills and knowledge that can carry through to other contexts professional the National Association of colleges and employers has found that employers most desire good communication skills in the college graduates that they hire these desired communication skills vary from career to Career but again this textbook provides a foundation onto which you can build communication skills specific to your major or field of study research has shown that introductory communication courses provide important skills necessary for functioning in entry-level jobs including listening writing motivating persuading interpersonal skills informational interviewing and small group problem solving interpersonal communication skills are also highly sought after by potential employers consistently ranking in the top 10 in National surveys poor listening skills lack of conciseness and inability to give constructive feedback have been identified as potential communication challenges in professional contexts employers appreciate good listening skills and the ability to communicate concisely because efficiency and Clarity are often directly tied to productivity and success in terms of profit or task project completion despite the well-documented need for communication skills in the professional World many students still resist taking communication classes perhaps people think they already have good communication skills or can improve their skills on their own while either of these may be true for some studying communication can only help in such a competitive job market being able to document that you have received communication instruction and training from communication professionals the faculty in your communication Department can give you the edge needed to stand out from other applicants or employees personal while many students know from personal experience and from the prevalence of communication counseling on television talk shows and in self-help books that communication forms maintains and ends our interpersonal relationships they do not know the extent to which that occurs I am certain that when we get to the interpersonal communication chapters in this textbook that you will be intrigued and maybe even excited by the relevance and practicality of the concepts and theories discussed there my students often remark that they already know from experience much of what's discussed in the interpersonal unit of the course while we do learn from experience until we learn specific vocabulary and develop foundational knowledge of communication Concepts and theories we do not have the tools needed to make sense of these experiences just having a vocabulary to name the communication phenomena in our lives increases our ability to consciously alter our communication to achieve our goals avoid miscommunication and analyze and learn from our inevitable mistakes once we get further into the book I am sure the personal implications of communication will become very clear Civic the connection between communication and our Civic lives is a little more abstract and difficult for students to understand many people don't yet have a conception of a Civic part of their lives because the academic professional and personal parts of their lives have so much more daily relevance Civic engagement refers to working to make a difference in our communities by improving the quality of life of community members raising awareness about social cultural or political issues or participating in a wide variety of political and non-political processes the Civic part of our Lives is developed through engagement with the decision making that goes on in our society at the small group local state Regional National or International level such involvement ranges from serving on a neighborhood Advisory Board to sending an email to a U.S senator discussions and decisions that affect our communities happen around us all the time but it takes time and effort to become a part of that process doing so however allows us to become a part of groups or causes that are meaningful to us which enables us to work for the common good this type of Civic engagement is crucial to the functioning of a Democratic Society um communication Scholars have been aware of the connections between communication and a person's Civic engagement or citizenship for thousands of years Aristotle who wrote the first and most influential comprehensive book on communication 2400 years ago taught that it is through our voice our ability to communicate that we engage with the world around US participate in our society and become a virtuous citizen it is a well-established and unfortunate fact that younger people between the ages of 18 and 30 are some of the least politically active and engaged members of our democracy Civic engagement includes but goes beyond political engagement which includes things like choosing a political party or advocating for a presidential candidate although younger people have tended not to be as politically engaged as other age groups the current generation of 16 to 29 year olds known as the millennial generation is known to be very engaged in volunteerism and community service in addition some research has indicated that college students are eager for civic engagement but are not finding the resources they need on their campuses the American Association of colleges and universities has launched several initiatives and compiled many resources for students and faculty regarding Civic engagement I encourage you to explore their website at the following link and try to identify some ways in which you can productively integrate what you are learning in this class into a Civic context excuse me communication meets needs you hopefully now see that communication is far more than the transmission of information the exchange of messages and information is important for many reasons but it is not enough to meet the various needs we have as human beings well the content of our communication may help us achieve certain physical and instrumental needs it also feeds into our identities and relationships in ways that far exceed the content of what we say physical needs include needs that keep our bodies and Minds functioning communication which we most often associate with our brain mouth eyes and ears actually has many more connections to and effects on our physical body and well-being at the most basic level communication can alert others that our physical needs are not being met even babies cry when they are hungry or sick to alert their caregiver of these physical needs asking a friend if you can stay at their house because you got evicted or kicked out of your own place will help you meet your physical need for shelter there are also strong ties between the social function of communication and or physical and psychological health human beings are social creatures which makes communication important for our survival in fact prolonged isolation has been shown to severely damage a human aside from surviving communication skills can also help us Thrive people with good interpersonal communication skills are better able to adapt to stress and have less depression and anxiety communication can also be therapeutic which can lessen or prevent physical problems a research study found that spouses of suicide or accidental death victims who did not communicate about the death with their friends were more likely to have health problems such as weight change and headaches than those who did talk with friends satisfying physical needs is essential for our physical functioning and survival but in order to socially function and Thrive we must also meet instrumental relational and identity needs instrumental needs include needs that help us get things done in our day-to-day lives and Achieve short and long-term goals we all have short and long-term goals that we work on every day fulfilling these goals is an ongoing communicative task which means we spend much of our time communicating for instrumental needs some common instrumental needs include influencing others getting information we need or getting support in short communication that meets our instrumental needs helps us get things done to meet instrumental needs we often use communication strategically politicians parents bosses and Friends use communication to influence others in order to accomplish goals and meet needs there is a research area within communication that examines compliance gaining communication or communication aimed at getting people to do something or act in a particular way compliance gaining and communicating for instrumental needs is different from coercion which forces or manipulates people into doing what you want section 1.3 communication principles we will discuss communication ethics and learn that open communication free from constraint and pressure is an important part of an ethical Society compliance gaining communication is different from persuasion which we will discuss in more detail in chapter 11. informative and persuasive speaking while research on persuasion typically focuses on public speaking and how a speaker persuades a group compliance gaining research focuses on our daily interpersonal interactions researchers have identified many tactics that people typically use in compliance gating communication as you read through the following list I am sure many of these tactics will be familiar to you common tactics used for compliance gaining offering Rewards offering reward seeks compliance in a positive way by promising returns Rewards or generally positive outcomes threatening punishment threatening punishment seeks compliance in a negative way by threatening negative consequences such as loss of privileges grounding or legal action using expertise using expertise seeks compliance by implying that one person knows better than the other based on experience age education or intelligence liking liking seeks compliance by acting friendly and helping to get the other person into a good mood before asking them to do something debt debt seeks compliance by calling in past favors and indicating that one person owes the other altruism altruism seeks compliance by claiming that one person only wants what is best for the other and he or she is looking out for the other person's best interests team the steam seeks compliance by claiming that other people will think more highly of the person if he or she complies or thinks less of the person if he or she does not comply relational needs include needs that help us maintain social bonds and interpersonal relationships communicating to fill our instrumental needs helps us function on many levels but communicating for relational needs helps us achieve the social relating that is an essential part of Being Human communication meets our relational needs by giving us a tool through which to develop maintain and end relationships in order to develop a relationship we may use nonverbal communication to assess whether someone is interested in talking to us or not then use verbal communication to strike up the conversation then through the mutual process of self-disclosure a relationship forms over time once formed we need to maintain a relationship so we use communication to express our continued liking of someone we can verbally say things like you're such a great friend or engage in behaviors that communicate our investment in the relationship like organizing a birthday party Although our relationships vary in terms of closeness and intimacy all individuals have relational needs and all relationships require maintenance finally communication or the lack of it helps us end relationships we may communicate our deteriorating commitment to a relationship by avoiding communication with someone verbally criticizing him or her or explicitly ending a relationship from spending time together to checking in with relational partners by text social media or face to face to celebrating accomplishments to providing support during difficult times communication forms the building blocks of our relationships communicating for relational needs isn't always positive though some people's relational needs are negative unethical or even illegal although we may feel the need to be passive aggressive or controlling these communication communicative patterns are not positive and can hurt our relationships in chapter 6 interpersonal communication processes and chapter 7 communication and relationships we will explore the Dark Side of communication in more detail identity needs identity needs include our need to present ourselves to others and be thought of in particular and desired ways what adjectives would you use to describe yourself are you funny smart loyal or quirky your answer isn't just based on who you think you are since much of how we think of ourselves is based on our communication with other people our identity changes as we progress through life but communication is the primary means of establishing our identity and fulfilling our identity needs communication allows us to present ourselves to others in particular ways just as many companies celebrities and politicians create a Public Image we desire to present different faces in different contexts the influential scholar Irving Goffman compared self-presentation to a performance and suggested we all perform different roles in different contexts indeed competent communicators can successfully manage how others perceive them by adapting to situations and contexts a parent May perform the role of stern head of household supportive shoulder to cry on or hip and culturally aware friend based on the situation they are in with their child a newly hired employee May initially perform the role of motivated and agreeable co-worker but later perform more leadership behaviors after being promoted we will learn more about the different faces we present to the world and how we develop our self-concepts through interactions with others in Chapter 2 communication and perception communication is a process communication is a process that involves an interchange of verbal and or non-verbal messages within a continuous and dynamic sequence of events when we refer to communication as a process we imply that it doesn't have a distinct beginning and end or follow a predetermined sequence sequence of events it can be difficult to trace the origin of a communication encounter since communication doesn't always follow a neat and discernible format which makes studying communication interactions or phenomena difficult anytime we pull one part of the process out for study or closer examination we artificially freeze the process in order to examine it which is not something that is possible when communicating in real life but sometimes Scholars want to isolate a particular stage in the process in order to gain Insight by studying for example feedback or eye contact doing that changes the very process itself and by the time you have examined a particular stage or component of the process the entire process may have changed these snapshots are useful for scholarly interrogation of the communication process and they can also help us evaluate our own communication practices troubleshoot a problematic encounter we had or slow things down to account for various contexts before re-engage in communication we have already learned in the transaction model of communication that we communicate using multiple channels and send and receive messages simultaneously there are also messages and other stimuli around us that we never actually perceive because we can only attend to so much information at one time the dynamic nature of communication allows us to examine some principles of communication that are related to its processual nature next we will learn that communication messages vary in terms of their level of conscious thought and intention communication is irreversible and communication is unrepeatable and there's a diagram and it simply shows a person talking to different components or different groups of people some Scholars have put forth definitions of communication stating that messages must be intended for others to perceive them in order for a message to count as communication this Narrows this narrow definition only includes messages that are tailored or at least targeted to a particular person or group and excludes any communication that is involuntary since intrapersonal communication happens in our heads and isn't intended for others to perceive it wouldn't be considered communication but imagine the following scenario you and I are riding on a bus and you are sitting across from me as I sit thinking about a stressful week ahead I wrinkle at my forehead shake my head and put my head in my hands upon seeing this you think that guy must be pretty stressed out scenario did communication take place if I really didn't intend for anyone to see the non-verbal communication that went along with my intrapersonal communication then this definition would say no but even though words weren't exchanged you still generated meaning from the communication I was unintentionally sending as a communication scholar I do not take such a narrow definition of communication based on the definition of communication from the beginning of this chapter the scenario we just discussed would count as communication but the scenario illustrates the point that communication messages are sent both intentionally and unintentionally communication communication messages also vary in terms of the amount of conscious thought that goes into their creation in general we can say that intentional communication usually includes more conscious thought and unintentional communication usually includes less for example some communication is reactionary and almost completely involuntary we often scream when we are frightened say ouch when we stub our toe and stare blankly when we are bored this isn't the richest type of communication but it is communication some of our interactions are slightly more substantial and include more conscious thought but are still very routine for example we say excuse me when we need to get past someone say thank you when someone holds the door for us or say what's up to our neighbor we pass every day in the hall the reactionary and routine types of communication just discussed are common but the messages most studied by communication Scholars are considered constructed communication these messages include more conscious thought and intention than reactionary or routine messages and often go beyond information exchange to also meet relational and identity needs as we will learn later on a higher degree of conscious thought and intention doesn't necessarily mean the communication will be effective understood or ethical in addition ethical communicators cannot avoid responsibility for the effects of what they say by claiming they didn't intend for their communication to cause an undesired effect communication as short and long-term effects which illustrates the next principle we will discuss communication is irreversible the dynamic nature of the communication process also means that communication is irreversible after an initial interaction has gone wrong characters and sitcoms and romantic comedies often use the line can we just start over as handy as it would be to be able to turn the clock back and redo a failed or embarrassing communication encounter it is impossible miscommunication can occur regardless of the degree of conscious thought and intention put into a message for example if David tells a joke that offends his co-worker Beth then he can't just say oh I forgot forget I said that or I didn't intend for it to be offensive the message has been sent and it can't be taken back I'm sure we have all wished we could take something back that we have said conversely when communication goes well we often wish we could recreate it however in addition to communication being irreversible it is also unrepeatable if you try to recreate a good job interview experience by asking the same questions and telling the same stories about yourself you can't expect the same results even trying to repeat a communication encounter with the same person won't feel the same or lead to the same results we have already learned the influence that contexts have on communication and those contexts change frequently even if the words in actions stay the same the physical psychological social relational and cultural contexts will vary and ultimately change the communication encounter have you ever tried to recount a funny or interesting experience to a friend who doesn't really seem that impressed these I guess you had to be there moments illustrate the fact that communication is unrepeatable communication is Guided by culture and context as we learned earlier context is a dynamic component of the communication process culture and context also influence how we perceive and Define communication Western culture tends to put more value on senders than receivers and on the content rather than the context of a message these cultural values are reflected in our definitions and models of communication as we will learn in later chapters cultures vary in terms of having a more individualistic or more collectivistic cultural orientation the United States is considered an individualistic culture where emphasis is put on individual expression and success pan is considered a collectivistic culture where emphasis is put on group cohesion and harmony these are strong cultural values that are embedded in how we learn to communicate in many collectivistic cultures there is more emphasis placed on silence and non-verbal context whether in the United States Japan or another country people are socialized from birth to Communication in culturally specific ways that vary by context in this section we will discuss how communication is learned the rules and Norms that influence how we communicate and the ethical implications of communication communication is learned most people are born with the capacity and ability to communicate but everyone communicates differently this is because communication is learned rather than innate as we have already seen communication patterns are relative to the context and culture in which one is communicating and many cultures have distinct languages consisting of symbols a key principle of communication is that it is symbolic communication is symbolic in that the words that make up our language systems do not directly correspond to Something in reality instead they stand in for or symbolize something the fact that communication varies so much among people contexts and cultures illustrates the principle that meaning is not inherent in the words we use for example let's say you go to France on vacation and see the word spelled p-o-i-s-s-o-n which appears to be poison on the menu unless you know how to read French you will not know that the symbol is the same as the English symbol fish those two words don't look the same at all yet they symbolize the same object if you went by how the word looks alone you might think that the French word for fish is more like the English word poison and avoid choosing that for your dinner putting a picture of a fish on a menu would definitely help a foreign tourist understand what they are ordering since the picture is actual representation of the object rather than a symbol for it I disagree with that it's it's not an actual representation it's it's still a symbol and I would assume it was a poisoned fish I wouldn't eat it anyway all symbolic communication is learned negotiated and dynamic we know that the letter b o o k refer to a bound object with multiple written pages we also know that the letters t r u c k refer to a vehicle with a bed in back for hauling things but if we learned in school that the letters t-r-u-c-k referred to a bound object with written pages and b-o-ook referred to a vehicle with a bed in the back then that would make just as much sense because the letters don't actually refer to the object and the word itself only has the meaning that we assign to it we will learn more in chapter three verbal communication about how language works but communication is more than the words we use we are all socialized into different languages but we also speak different languages based on the situation we are in for example in some cultures it is considered inappropriate to talk about family or health issues in public but it wouldn't be odd to overhear people in a small town grocery store in the United States talking about their children or their upcoming surgery there are some communication patterns shared by very large numbers of people and some that are particular to a dyad best friends for example who have their own inside terminology and expressions that wouldn't make sense to anyone else these examples aren't on the same scale as differing languages but they still indicate that communication is learned they also illustrate how rules and Norms influence how we communicate rules and Norms earlier we learned about the transaction model of communication and the powerful influence that social context and the roles and Norms associated with social contexts have on our communication whether verbal or non-verbal mediated or interpersonal or communication is Guided by rules and norms emphatic communion spelled p-h-a-t-i-c it's a word I do not know fatic communion refers to scripted and routine verbal interactions that are intended to establish social bonds rather than actually exchange at meaning when you pass your professor in the hall The Exchange may go as follows from the student how are you from the professor fine how are you from the student fine what is the point of this interaction it surely isn't to actually inquire as to each other's well-being we have similar fatic interactions when we make comments on the weather or the fact that it's Monday we often joke about fatic communion because we see that it is pointless at least on the surface the student and Professor might as well just pass each other in the hall and say the following to each other student generic greeting question Professor generic reading response and question student generic response this is an example of communication messages that don't really require a high level of conscious thought or convey much actual content or generate much meaning so if fatic communion is so pointless why do we do it term fatic communion derives from the Greek word fatos p-h-a-t-o-s which means spoken and the word communion which means connection or Bond as we discussed earlier communication helps us meet our relational needs in addition to finding communion through food or religion we also find communion through our words but the degree to which and in what circumstances we engage in phatic communion is also influenced by norms and rules generally U.S Americans find silence in social interactions awkward which is one socio-cultural Norm that leads to phatic communion because we fill the Silence with pointless words to meet the social Norm it is also a norm to greet people when you encounter them especially if you know them we all know not to unload our physical and mental burdens on the person who asks how are you or go through our to-do list with the person who asks what's up instead we conform to social norms through this routine type of verbal Exchange emphatic communion like most aspects of communication we will learn about is culturally relative as well most cultures engage emphatic communion the topics of occasions for emphatic communion vary scripts for greetings in the United States are common but scripts for leaving may be more common in another culture asking about someone's well-being maybe acceptable fatty Communication in one culture and asking about the health of someone's family may be more common in another communication has ethical implications another culturally and situationally relative principle of communication is the fact that communication has ethical implications communication ethics deals with the process of negotiating and reflecting on our actions and communicating communication regarding what we believe to be right and wrong Aristotle said in the arena of human life the honors and rewards fall to those who show their good qualities in action Aristotle focuses on actions which is an important part of communication ethics while ethics has been studied as a part of philosophy since the time of Aristotle only more recently has it become applied in communication ethics we are more concerned with the decisions people make about what is right and wrong than the systems philosophies or religions that inform those decisions much of ethics's gray area although we talk about making decisions in terms of what is right and what is wrong the choices rarely that simple Aristotle goes on to say that we should act to the right extent at the right time with the right motive and in the right way this quote connects to communication competence which focuses on communicating effectively and appropriately and will be discussed more in section 1.4 communication competence communication has a broad ethical implications later in this book we will discuss the importance of ethical listening how to avoid plagiarism how to present evidence ethically and how to apply ethical standards to mass media and social media these are just a few examples of how communication and ethics will be discussed in this book but hopefully you can already see that communication ethics is integrated into academic professional personal and Civic contexts when dealing with communication ethics it's difficult to state that something is 100 ethical or unethical I tell my students that we all make choices daily that are more ethical or less ethical and we may confidently make a decision only later to learn that it wasn't the most ethical option in such cases our ethics and Goodwill are tested since in any given situation multiple options may seem appropriate but we can only choose one if in a situation we make a decision and we reflect on it and realize we could have made a more ethical Choice does that make us a bad person while many behaviors can be more easily labeled as ethical or unethical communication isn't always as clear murdering someone is generally thought of as unethical and illegal but many instances of hurtful speech or even what some would consider hate speech have been protected as free speech this shows the complicated relationship between protected speech ethical speech and the law in some cases people see it as their ethical duty to communicate information that they feel is in the Public's best interests the people behind Wikileaks for example have released thousands of classified documents related to Wars intelligence gathering and diplomatic communication Wikileaks claims that exposing this information keeps politicians and leaders accountable and keeps the public informed but government officials claim the release of the information should be considered a criminal act both parties consider the others communication unethical and their own communication ethical who is right since many of the choices we make when it comes to ethics are situational contextual and personal various professional Fields have developed codes of Ethics to help guide members through areas that might otherwise be gray or uncertain the following getting critical box includes information about the national communication association's ethical Credo doctors take O's to do no harm to their patients and journalists follow ethical guidelines that promote objectivity and provide for the protection of sources boy that's not true anymore although businesses and Co-op corporations have gotten much attention for high profile cases of unethical Behavior business ethics has become an important part of the curriculum in many business schools and more companies are adopting ethical guidelines for their employees getting critical National what is it called the national communication association's Credo for ethical communication the getting critical boxes throughout this book will challenge you to think critically about a variety of communication issues and many of those issues will involve questions of Ethics therefore it is important that we have a shared understanding of ethical standards for communication I tell my students that I consider them communication Scholars while they're in my class and we always take a class period to learn about ethics using the national communication association's Credo for ethical communication since the NCAA is the professional organization that represents communication Scholars and practitioners in the United States we all have to consider and sometimes struggle with questions of right and wrong since communication is Central to the creation of our relationships and communities ethical communication should be a priority of every person who wants to make a positive contribution to society The nca's Credo for ethical communication reminds us that communication ethics is relevant across contexts and applies to every channel of communication including media The Credo goes on to say that human worth and dignity are fostered through ethical communication practices such as truthfulness fairness integrity and respect for self and others the emphasis in The Credo and in the study of communication ethics is on practices and actions rather than thoughts and philosophies many people claim High ethical standards but do not live up to them in practice while The Credo advocates for endorses and promotes certain ideals it is up to each one of us to put them into practice the following are some of the principles stated in The Credo we endorse freedom of expression diversity of perspective and tolerance of dissent to achieve the informed and responsible decision-making fundamental to a civil society boy this book was certainly written before cancel culture we condemn communication that degrades individuals and Humanity through the expression of intolerance and hatred we are committed to the courageous expression of personal convictions in pursuit of fairness and justice we accept responsibility for the short and long-term consequences of our own communication and expect the same of others what are some examples of unethical communication that you have witnessed read through the whole Credo of the nine principles listed which do you think is most important and why and it gives you a link for this Credo and we're closing off this section with key takeaways getting integrated increasing your knowledge of communication and improving your communication skills can positively affect your academic professional personal and Civic lives in terms of academics research shows that students who study communication and improve their communication skills are less likely to drop out of school and are more likely to have high grade point averages professionally employers desire employees with good communication skills and employees who have good listening skills are more likely to get promoted personally communication skills help us maintain satisfying relationships communication helps us with Civic engagement and allows us to participate in and contribute to our communities communication meets our physical needs by helping us maintain physical and psychological well-being our instrumental needs by helping us achieve short and long-term goals our relational needs by helping us initiate maintain and terminate relationships and our identity needs by allowing us to present ourselves to others in particular ways communication is a process that includes messages that very in terms of conscious thought and intention communication is also irreversible and unrepeatable communication is Guided by culture and contexts we learn to communicate using systems that vary based on culture and language rules and Norms influence the routines and rituals within our communication communication ethics varies by culture and context and involves the negotiation of and reflection on our actions regarding what we think is right and wrong there are some exercises listed here number one getting integrated the concepts of Integrative learning and communication ethics are introduced in this section how do you see communication ethics playing a role in academic professional personal and Civic aspects of your life two Identify some physical instrumental relational and identity needs that communication helps you meet in a given day number three we learned in this section that communication is irreversible and unrepeatable identify a situation in which you wish you could reverse communication identify a situation in which you wish you could repeat communication even though it's impossible to reverse or repeat communication what lessons can be learned from these two situations you identified that you can apply to Future communication for what types of fatic communion do you engaging how are they connected to context and or social rules and norms and I'm going to stop at this point in time and show that my dog is over there sleeping and dreaming probably the dog is uh I don't know maybe he's chasing after something all right that's the end of this section