Overview
This lecture covers the fundamental structure, history, and key features of the political system in Mexico.
Historical Background
- Mexico gained independence from Spain in 1821, establishing its first constitution soon after.
- The country experienced periods of instability, revolutions, and foreign interventions throughout the 19th century.
- The Mexican Revolution (1910-1920) led to significant political and social reforms.
Government Structure
- Mexico is a federal republic composed of 31 states and Mexico City as a separate entity.
- Power is divided among executive, legislative, and judicial branches.
- The president serves as both head of state and head of government.
- The Mexican Congress is bicameral, consisting of the Senate (upper house) and Chamber of Deputies (lower house).
Political Parties and Elections
- The Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) dominated Mexican politics for most of the 20th century.
- Recent decades have seen increased competition from the National Action Party (PAN) and the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD).
- Elections are held regularly for federal, state, and local offices.
Political Issues and Challenges
- Corruption, drug-related violence, and inequality remain major political challenges.
- Electoral reforms have aimed to improve transparency and fairness in voting processes.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Federal Republic — A political system where states share power with a central government under a constitution.
- Bicameral — A legislature with two chambers or houses.
- PRI (Institutional Revolutionary Party) — Dominant Mexican political party for most of the 20th century.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Review recent electoral reforms and their impact on Mexican politics.
- Read assigned chapters on Mexican government structure and party systems.