Ethical Issues in Genetic Manipulation

Insect-Resistant Modified Soy

• BT Protein: Modified soy produces this protein which acts as an insecticide.
  • Benefits: No need for pesticides, higher crop yield, reduced labor and expenses.
  • Disadvantages: Potential harm to predator species, possibility of insect resistance, gene spread to wild plants causing 'super weeds', reduced biodiversity.

Genetically Modified Pathogens

• Purpose: Useful for developing medical treatments and understanding pathogen behavior.
  • Benefits: Aids in epidemiological research and preparation for future outbreaks.
  • Disadvantages: Health and safety risks for researchers and the public, potential for biological warfare.

Genetically Modified Animals (Transgenic Organisms)

• Definition: Animals with genetic information from another species.
  • Example: Pigs engineered to produce fatty acid from spinach.
  • Benefits: Desired gene could decrease disease risk, faster growth rates, production of human proteins.
  • Disadvantages: Ethical concerns about animal welfare, unknown impacts, potential harm to the animal.

Patenting Issues

• Definition: Companies can patent genetically modified products to restrict usage.
  • Advantages for Companies: High profit margins from selling patented seeds.
  • Disadvantages for Farmers: Poor farmers struggle to afford patented seeds annually, ethical concerns about accessibility.

Summary

• Understanding the ethical issues from genetic manipulation in plants, animals, and microorganisms is crucial.
• Important to use proper biological terminology in exams.
• Next topic: Ethical issues in gene therapy.

Good luck with exams!