[Music] woo geographers welcome back we are at unit 7 everyone man that is crazy in the last seven days we have literally gone over through a year of content every night I mean I realize these live streams have gone a little long especially doing the notes but if you think about it we're averaging like an hour 45 to an hour for like the review part of it and that's normally like a month of content in your class so uh hopefully it's not too much but you guys are going to rock this test we got it on Tuesday you're going to do great so today we're going into unit 7 just like all of our other things we're going to start with going over all of the things in the SE C then we're going to transition to the cahoot uh to wrap it up so remember the CD what we're looking at here uh today we're going into Industrial Revolution sectors of the economy we're looking at different patterns we are going to be going into measures of development women and economic development theories trade you've seen this if you've been at all of these uh live streams this is part of that free preview that ultimate review packet um remember too while right now we're kind of doing our little intro thing uh check out those guid notes we do have guided notes for this so you can go down here uh you can click on the guided notes and it'll be right here right there I will fix that order later but this will be the unit 7even one don't make the mistake it's not unit six we are on unit seven so yeah uh check that out there uh cool so we are looking at unit seven today it is going to be awesome uh we're going to go into a bunch of different concepts let me know before we start where are people from I'll pin some things on the screen we'll get kind of started uh again get those guided notes because that way when you're following along you can take notes cool um let's see here Texas uh oh okay good question tomorrow the plan tomorrow because it's the day before the exam I'm GNA post two more live streams um One's Gonna be shorter I've seen a lot of people ask about F frq stuff so we're going to do one on the frq like some tips some tricks um and also like those task verbs also too if you haven't seen my new task for video definitely check it out there's a lot it goes quick but I tried to give a lot of examples and really Connect into that CED and also particularly the 2023 exam so watch that video I I'll post it in the community tab again but check that out um after that 7 o'clock one we'll probably have another one at like 7:30 and that one is going to be me just taking a practice test so that the goal is then I'm going to be kind of talking through my process of how you could handle some multiple choice questions so that will be tomorrow there'll be kind of two AP hug live streams um towards the end um so it'll be 7 probably 7:30 I'll post them tonight so you'll be able to see them uh we got people from Minnesota New York Florida Iowa Houston Nepal Georgia uh Texas California Michigan welcome back some of these names I've seen almost every night which is really cool Alabama Utah Cali Florida um United States Illinois Pittsburgh uh Miami California Minneapolis um Phil okay uh Minnesota Texas New York Midwest Mexico Alabama awesome awesome awesome we got people from all over the place um cool great we're gonna get started uh right now why is this actually okay that's f all right um so this is the part of the video where I'm actually going to cut it and transfer over all right here's our one last massive review okay so again during this part of the video remember I'm not going to be checking that much the actual stream or sorry not stream uh the chat I'm going to be really trying to go into our notes trying to make it efficient and cover everything that you need to kind of know for unit 7even again all this stuff is aligned to that CED cool let's get started all right hello there if you're just joining us I'm Mr sin and I might sound a little bit like a frog but that's because I've been live streaming and teaching for pretty much seven days straight and that's okay because today we're going to be reviewing Unit Seven industrial Economic Development patterns and processes it's the last unit of AP Human Geography so make sure you got your notes out or if you're not using my notes get out a notebook follow along and let's learn some geography people woo we got a test tomorrow and we're going to rock it all right real quick yes I saw comments on this if you're interested this is in the ultimate review packet the video is up we did this live stream earlier today it was a lot of fun um if you didn't have the ultimate review packet no big deal at all I have gone over all of the stuff I talked about in this video in all of these live streams so I was not trying to put anything behind a pay wall or anything like that I just wanted to give a reward and kind of thank those who have helped support the channel that's all it was um the reason why we did that one there is because we've covered all the stuff and we're going to cover it all right now so so I want to thank all of those people if you're interested it's there if not not a big deal at all that video is more of just like a thank you to those um who have helped support the channel and again if you're not going to get it no big deal at all no issue all right let's look at our uh wonderful Industrial Revolution so one of the things that we got going on here Industrial Revolution is a big historical event that connects to so many different units we've already talked about a bunch of different ways remember this led to changes in food production it lay um increased our food supply it allowed population growth to happen we see new jobs occur new class structures form in cities all of this really shapes different societies and so we can see different things like the steam engine we start to see urbanization happening we're now able to transport Goods farther we have this enclosure movement eventually will happen with our agriculture we can see how it diffuse throughout Europe and eventually the rest of the world and remember too as we continue to expand our Industrial Revolution these new technologies more and more countries go into stage two of the demographic transition model this also led to colonialism and imperialism which we'll talk about in just a second so there's a lot of Concepts we can connect to the Industrial Revolution this is kind of an interesting thing I'm not sure how well it shows up on the stream this is the British beehive and what you're looking at here is this new class system that got started so the Industrial Revolution not only changed economics it not only changed some of our political iCal systems it not only Chang the environment our agriculture but also societal structures a lot more classes started to form and so just realize the industrial revolution had a variety of different impacts if you ever get a frq question or something there where it's asking make sure you all about the Industrial Revolution make sure you look is it asking about something political is it asking about something economic is it asking about something social or environmental that will then dictate what you're going to put for your actual answers there so make sure you've kind of paid attention to that all right big thing here too the Industrial Revolution also if we're talking about politics and some history here has colonialism and imperialism this led a lot more people all of a sudden now trying to actually get new resources and markets you can see it posted there so we could connect it to that Berlin Conference remember the Berlin Conference when we're talking about it the Berlin Conference was when European powers kind of got together and you can see it in those political cartoons that way I think yeah it's mired so I don't know um but they went through and they created a lot of superimposed boundaries in Africa remember superimposed with that third party that organization creates the boundaries it's from unit 4 cool thing unit 7 everything connects but the reason why they're doing this is they wanted these raw resources the Industrial Revolution we have a lot more manufacturing and production occurring and so a lot of people then wanted to access those and that created some uh different challenges there and also Al we want to expand our markets for where we could sell things to and so colonialism imperialism kind of gets a Boost after this Industrial Revolution because it's easier to travel and now there's a bigger demand for these resources especially with these Factory systems producing there cool another term that you want to be familiar with from the start of unit 7 is cottage industries just a vocab term to think about cottage industries used to be a lot more prevalent before the Industrial Revolution this is when we creating things at a person's home so generally things are by hand we're making individual custom Goods during the Industrial Revolution we get more factories and now we're starting to do mass production and so cottage industries start to decline they're not as profitable and then the Industrial Revolution allowed for us to be able to standardize goods and produce a ton of them so realized cottage industries kind of declined as we started to see more people move to urban areas work in factories and that kind of again connects back to these social changes so an economic one and also a social change there all right next one here we got some more AI art Industrial Revolution also and this theme is going to come up a lot throughout all of this unit it led to a lot of uneven Economic Development so that's kind of the the goal of this art here was that it's created by CET gbt 4 um but generally speaking what we can see is as countries industrialized we start to see more of a discrepancy of wealth so like we start to see maybe different income levels between different social classes even if we're looking at different countries uneven Economic Development occurs and today when we look at this we can still see some of the impact of that unequal Economic Development we can see with our core our semi- pery and our pery countries we'll talk about those in just a little bit but realize that this economic development that happens during the Industrial Revolution is not even with all people in the state or with all countries in the world or states in the world so realize there all right uh next thing that we're looking at here is some economic sectors um this is going to be important and you're going to see these come up a lot throughout um this whole video here as we're looking at unit 7even remember we have things in the primary sector real quick for chat what is in the primary sector so what do we got I'll try to pin something on CH uh on the screen here so what do we got for The primary sector here primary sector um I got mining mining would work agriculture farming yes yes all right secondary sector extraction of raw materials yes yes fishing mining awesome job awesome job yeah all right secondary sector now so primary jobs and activities that are involving extraction of natural resources from the earth so a farmer a coal miner all right we got Manufacturing manufacturing manufacturing yes yes yes um lot of their getting the raw resources and that would be more primary um production yes production so that secondary sector primaries first what do we do right away we're going to get our raw resources the secondary now is where we're going to actually take these raw resources and produce something here we're having these value added products we'll talk about that in just a second but we're now starting to manufacture and produce stuff our products here are having a greater value and so this is going to be like a construction worker we're we're transforming things all right the next one is tertiary what would be some examples of a tertiary so examples of tertiary so it goes primary secondary and then tertiary all right I got teaching commercial um service based jobs yes yes uh more services Services yes excellent so tertiary jobs are jobs that are going to involve a service so like right now like your teachers when they're at school that's a service job they're providing you a service you might love the service you might hate the service right now you might be here getting a service that you enjoy or maybe you don't enjoy but you're getting the service regardless now jobs here could be like a lawyer could be a teacher now the one thing I want to highlight the next two is quinary and quinary now these are service jobs they're kind of part of the tertiary but they're more specific so realize that so we're going primary secondary tertiary then we have quary anyone know what quary would be what do we got here with quatin all right what do we got um we have research research uh data and information jobs that provide information quary High skilled uh research very specific acquisition of there yeah so that that quary is again an example of but these are jobs that are focused around acquiring processing and sharing information so a journalist a teacher could also probably fall in here uh the quiner is going to be our last sector these are going to be jobs that are going to be with the decision part so quinary could be like the CEO of a company it could be the Board of Trustees it could be um the president or congress these are again services but these revolve around decision making so like for educ this would be like the curriculum director the people who's create like for college board they're creating the CED the course exam description that's going to be more the Qui they're figuring out the decisions and then your teachers are going to be figuring out okay how do we collect this information distribute it to you so there's different levels here so hopefully that kind of helps yeah that would definitely be for um the quinary so again primary secondary tertiary quinary and quinary you want to be familiars with those you're going to keep seeing them throughout this unit uh one thing I want to highlight again I mentioned it already is value added product so here similar to a value added crop we're looking here at a product that's been processed and the end result is that we actually have more value that end product is a higher price than if we were to have just sold those raw materials to make so realize that that is going to be important for this and this kind of happens again in that secondary uh sector there another thing that you might see um possibly I just want to Quick mention it it's capital capital investment we're looking here at Industries and investment in different products here this is where funds or resources for a company or individual are put into an activity essentially we're trying to produce something some project the goal here is to actually create future profits so we are investing capital capital is something we are using to produce things we're using to things so we're investing there all right uh I want to show this because I think it's interesting to look at so on the bottom here we have our pre-industrial society this is our industrial society this is post-industrial now notice a couple things here's our economic sectors we just kind of talked about these over time what we see this is going to come back up when we look at Resto um stages of economic growth so at first we have our pre-industrial notice the majority right here is in our primary sector so if we wanted to we could connect even back to unit 2 um or we're looking at that demographic transition model A lot of people are in agriculture a lot of people here are in things involving raw resources if we go down here we can see we have some secondary not as much as we can start to have industrialization that Industrial Revolution occurs notice that our secondary sector starts to increase and our primary continues to just decrease um what also starts to happen is tertiary jobs come to be now this point here is where all of a sudden we see this transition and all of a sudden now all of our secondary starts to decrease this is de-industrialization generally What's Happening Here is people now are actually um focusing on more of those tertiary jobs so we're seeing this transition the tertiary now is becoming a bigger part of the economy compared to our secondary so industrialization is when all of a we see this big rise in manufacturing in production in the secondary sector de-industrialization is when that secondary sector decreases and it's kind being replaced by a tertiary and as we get into this post industrial we can see now the quary and eventually the quinary sector would develop so this is just looking at kind of these transitions you don't have to worry about the name of what I was just showing you I saw some people saying what's this model what's this model don't worry about that the reason why I was showing you that graph is so you could see kind of over time what economic development does to the different sectors this can connect back to our demographic transition model later we're going to talk about Resto stages of economic growth this will also Connect into that as well so that one I'll spend time I'll point that out all I was doing showing you is so you could kind of see how these sectors change based on what's going on with the economy of a state our economics um status does change the different types of jobs we have and so that can give us insight into a couple different things okay next concept and I saw some people talking about it already in the chat and asking about it is a break of bulk point now remember a break of bulk point is where we are going to have two forms of transportation we're seeing a shift over excuse me so it could be a port where we are going to actually have our goods come in uh excuse me for voices uh starting to decline a little bit there hold on one second all right all right let's try this again okay I'm back um throats let just slowly going that's fine so break of bulk points though this is going to be where we're shifting our transportation we're going from one mode to another so I mentioned a part we have cargo ships come in we have this Freight that's going to get taken off and then oftentimes it's loaded onto a train or onto semi-rs and then it's shipped across the country so break of bulk points that term you just got to remember it's when goods are transferred from one mode of transportation to another it's all you got to remember with break of bulk points all right our next thing that we're going to go into is Weber's lease cost theory anyone know what three things Weber's least cost theory is based on what three things there what do we got airport could also be a blur aall Point yes um I won't tie yeah like going to trucks to ships that would connect to break of bulk points yes all right I see one glomeration yes that would be one Transportation would be one and there's one more one more not land cost uh labber yeah that would work yeah labor would be our last one there yes excellent job so Weber's leas cost theory what we're looking at here is um a couple different things so one agglomeration remember when we're talking about AG glomeration um what we're seeing here is the clustering of different activities in an area to actually benefit themselves so it could be that we're clustering in an area because there's a really good infrastructure that allows us to get Goods in and out relatively quickly so for example car dealerships all locate right along generally speaking at least um some major road highway or Interstate it allows them to take advantage of quick Transportation methods which can get products in and out really quickly they also kind of group together because a lot of people when they're shopping for cars they always go to multiple dealerships so there is an advantage to these companies grouping together so that way they can actually benefit from each other there so that would be G glomeration it's going to come up later in our unit to labor cost is just connecting to anything that is dealing with the cost of production so if I'm paying people and transportation we're going to see Transportation costs come up a lot this is where we're actually shipping either the resources or the final product so anything involved in production or that final product there so realize Transportation costs we talk about both of those all right we also have to know in we lucky at weers is bulk reducing and bulk gaining all right here we go so bulk reducing remember when we're looking at bulk r ucing one of the things that's happening here when we're talking about it is a bulk reducing good is actually a good that as production is happening it is going to get lighter it is going to get easier to transport what that means then if I am a company I want to try and have my production then happen closer to my resources because my goal here is to try and actually maximize that if I can see hey this is great um we're actually making cheaper to produce or sorry cheaper to ship as we're making this I'll put it by the resources if on the other hand though it is a bulk gaining good that means as our production's happening it's getting harder and harder to transport I'm going to have my production closer to my market so Ikea is just an example it doesn't have to be Ikea bulk reducing is going to have production farther away from our Market bulk gaining is going to be closer to it and the reason why again bulk gaining as production happens it gets heavier and heavier it's harder to transport and so that's going to increase cost so I'll make sure then that's closer there now one thing to note let's say one of my resources was heavier than the other then I would locate my factory closer to that heavier resource the goal here is all about maximizing our profit in Weber's lease cost the we can see obviously there's more than two resources that go into the production of a product but if we can understand this Theory we can apply it to any scale so here it's just a simplified model and we lease cost the has been criticized a little bit lately because there has been some changes We Now operate in a global world we have products coming from all over the place however the principles still kind of work uh it's a really good way to kind of understand where companies are going to locate different production facilities um to try and maximize um their output there so hopefully that helps out there cool all right next thing we're going to go into is the difference between core semi- pery and pery countries these terms I've used throughout all the streams I'll make it full screen so you can see it more you are going to see these throughout the rest of this stream as well so you want to be familiar with it you do not have to memorize every single core or semi- pery or pery country so realize that you don't have to do that that is not the focus that you have to worry about um instead though just realize that when we're looking at this here um core countries are going to be the most developed they're going to be the countries that have the most tertiary jobs the quary the quinary the core countries are also generally speaking going to get the most advantages from global trade semi pery countries are going to actually then be these emerging economies they often have gone through industrialization they have more jobs now in that secondary sector tertiary sector growing the pery is the least economically developed a lot of times they have a lot of jobs still in the primary sector of the economy and here they are actually going to rely heavily on the exportation of their goods generally we can see some dependency um develop here and we'll talk about that when we go into the Dependency Theory and wallerstein's World System Theory a little bit later on in this stream so understand these terms because these terms are going to come up throughout this if we're looking at the world today I'll make it full screen so you can see it here's our core semi pery and pery countries so you can kind of see everything there um for the map don't worry about memorizing the different states and which ones fall into each category um sometimes for the most part you can kind of like break it down a little bit um but again just realize that the core is going to get some advantages uh one other term I want to Quick highlight is a multinational corporation so you might see this if we're looking at like neocolonialism from unit 4 um or when we're looking at the Dependency Theory multinational corporations generally are exploiting or benefiting from our International labor force and this economic restructuring that's occurred both of those two terms by the way if you're like what in the world is that don't worry we're going to talk about later in the Stream but a multinational corporation would be this company that has business in at least one other country than its Home Country uh so for example Tesla would be a multinational corporation Apple Microsoft Amazon Google all of those would be multinational corporations Nike Lululemon all of these have production happening around the world so that would be a multinational corporation now with this and when we're getting into the economy realize that we kind of have two economies in a country we have the formal economy and the informal economy I just looked over at the chat so I was like do you wear Lululemon uh no I do not I don't wear Lululemon I've only been to a Lululemon store once I was just asking them like why is it so expensive they really couldn't explain it I was confused but uh yeah I I've nothing against lul lemon I'm sure it's great so I I just don't have it all right so back to the economy off the dist ction there of Lululemon uh a formal economy remember these are economic activities that is recognized by law the government's going to oversee it they're going to have influence on it they might regulate it so there is a higher standard there so that could be your teachers your doctors your lawyers your police all them are in the formal economy inal economy are different activities that are not economic activities at least regulated by the government protected by the government or um monitored by the government so like Street vendors domestic work um an unregistered small business all of these would be part of that informal economy now proportionately women make up a higher proportion of the informal economies or disproportionately they registered more there um squatter settlements if we connect back to unit six will have more of an informal economy so this again they're not going to have as much uh government support there so that's kind of important to understand all right our next thing um is we are looking at wonderful economic indicators there's a ton of them here so I'm going to put them on the screen so you can kind of read it couple things with this uh one gross domestic products are GDP this is that value all Goods you don't have to worry about doing the math on the AP test so the GDP is technically consumption plus investment plus government spending minus or actually plus exports and Imports we're going to take exports minus Imports you don't have to worry about doing that on the test all you got to remember for government or for GDP generally we're looking at like kind of is the economy growing and so GDP is just production inside our boundaries so inside those boundaries so if it's produced inside the United States it's a new product there it's part of our GDP GNP is our total economic output but now we're not just factoring in people inside our country we're also looking at production that happened from our citizens abroad abroad meaning that they're in a different country there so here GMP is also factoring in residents that are in a different country GDP is just looking at our country and what's happening within our boundaries last one there gross national income remember this is the total amount of income generated by a country's residents and our businesses so again this is both domestically and abroad so we're all these are just kind of looking at a time frame um this one's a year GDP also is often looked at quarterly so if you ever watch like cm BC like the stocks and stuff they're going to talk about the GDP every time it comes out is the economy growing is it shrinking if you take AP micro macro you're going to go more into these you don't have to worry about all the math stuff here again so don't worry about that um the next ones that you got to know gender inequality index so this is the GI so this is an index that's going to measure a couple of things it's going to look at inequalities in health education and economic participation so definitely know those three things that they're going to impact there the other thing to realize so these maternal morality rate and Adolescent one they just kind of Connect into some of the health stuff um so I just wanted to put these on the screen just as a reference just in case maybe something connects here because that gender inequality index is going to be looking at the health of women it's going to be looking at um birth rates it's going to be looking at also our total fertility rate our infant mortality rate different things that we looked at from previous units there so understand again these are Concepts from unit two so hopefully you remember these um but make it bigger I just saw that I can make it bigger so here's our gender inequality index again this is going to be the important thing to kind of focus on here uh what we're going to do it all connects people are saying it all connects it does it does All Connect what I want to show you actually to better understand the gender inequality index and also to see how Economic Development kind of increases there so I want to show you this map here so here's our gender inequality index from 2022 one thing that you don't want to mix up on the AP test notice that the lower the E sorry the lower our gender inequality index is the less inequality the higher the more inequality so understand that because HDI which is going to be another indicator the next indicator we're actually going to look at HDI is the opposite so you don't want to flip these gender inequality index the lower the score there the less inequality there is the higher the score the more inequality when we get to our HDI our human development index it is the opposite there for human development index the higher the score then the more Economic Development has occurred so just understand that you don't want to flip those I'll put it back so you can kind of see the map there one thing again you can see is like if we were to connect this back to our core semi- pery and pery countries notice again these core countries and these semi- periphery countries have a lower gender inequality index again that connects back into our unit 2 and it connects into culture and all these things they're all connecting if we connect into unit 2 as economic development happens we know women gain more roles in society economic growth occurs traditional things start to kind of shift a little bit so it's all connects all right the next one is a human development index I'll put it up on the screen so you can see it all the way this is the next one that I mentioned here again we're going to be looking at the higher the score the better so here we're looking at our life expectancy years of schooling in that gross national income per capita whenever you see per capita we're kind of looking at our our population here so um again just like our gii our gender inequality Index this can range anywhere from zero to one but here the higher the score the better so that is important to understand and this indicator allows us to actually compare different countries to see that level of human development so we can use this to compare different people uh or countries not people uh here right now is as of today I went on to the UN and took this screenshot um so here at least as of right now in the UN so we can see Switzerland is a number one Norway number two three is Iceland four is Hong Kong China uh five Denmark five Sweden seven Germany uh Yes actually we have a tie I just realized that so Germany and Ireland then Singapore Australia so kind of going down the list so this is the HDI the higher this value so you can see here the higher the value the more Economic Development has occurred the lower the value um sorry not just economic human development we're looking at human development index so this is looking at those schooling years it's looking at our life expectancy um so that is what we're looking at here when we're looking at that HDI so generally speaking again as we see these HDI scores go up that is better standard of living higher people are living longer people have more education so it's a great thing for that social and economic development again don't mix it up with the GI that when we want a lower score so hopefully that kind of helps for there um again I I'm not really looking at uh the chat right now so I realized I think someone said like there's a Super Chat I'll get to those later I just want to make sure we're reviewing the notes and making sure it makes sense so once we have a little break I I'll do some of the super chats and also look at your guys's chat there and kind of react all right another map I want to highlight this is another thing that's listed in the CED that course exam description so one of the things we can see here this is looking at oil consumption what I want you to notice is that as we continue to see more Economic Development we actually start to see more fossil fuels being used and generally that's because again we have more of our industrialization that's happened and we're doing more of a consumerism Society so just understand kind of how that is functioning how we can see this looking here so we can see for our map again some of our more developed countries have you higher use of some of these fossil fuels it's another it's mentioned in that CED another thing that's going to be mentioned in there that we want to have an understanding of is with micro loans and also micro financing now this is dealing with the part where it's women and economic development and there is some debate on the effectiveness of microloans uh but you want to understand that micro loans it's a small loan generally it's provided to like from a um a non-government organization or from an individual and it's two individuals or a small business and these are generally going to go to people who are excluded from traditional Society uh they might not have access to banking services and the goal here is to try and help people break this cycle of poverty to be able to kind of uh lift themselves up and their Community up so microloans is just the loan you also might hear micro financing and this is where it's not just giving necessarily a loan that could be part of it but Micro financing would also include um opening a savings account providing insurance or money transfer services so micro financing is another way to support individuals uh having a bank account is a big deal because it means you can save money it also means you can get a debit card or a Visa you can actually then spend money so the goal of these loans generally the microloans and micro financing is to help people in need particularly in less developed areas so less economically developed areas it's a great way also to help women get out of poverty to be able to boost up different communities so be familiar with those two terms you might see them on that test another thing when it comes to also women and economic development you might see this word right here gender parity this don't get freaked out if it's on there this word is in the CD so it's in I believe it's the learning objective I have to go back and check I know for sure it's in there what I'm trying to do is pull out vocab terms that are in the CD that maybe you didn't necessarily focus on um because if it's in there they can talk about it and they might use it in a question but this is really just looking at Economic Development what we're talking about here is this connection we're looking at gender equality essentially so like as economic happens as economic development occurs what we see is women gain more and more roles in society and we we can connect that back to that human development index we can connect it back to our demographic transition model all these things kind of connect so don't get thrown off it's just looking at equality between men and women uh and opportunities cool all right we are about to go into the theories of development so there is a lot here I'm going to be when I explain this kind of keep it up on the screen so you can see I'll kind of pop back and forth uh but I want to make sure these are making sense realize especially with Ros we're going to connect back to our different um economic sectors so primary secondary tertiary those are all going to come back we're going to also get into that Dependency Theory and wallerstein's World System Theory so core country semi- pery it's all coming back but real quick um I'll do a couple like shout outs um look here so from LeBron James shout out to miss uh dingles second period so shout out to the second period shout out to miss Adams um you got a five on your final hey that's fantastic way to go way to go way to go way to go indeed all right shout out oh sorry I accidentally clicked off and your comment's already gone okay we got a bunch of shout outs in the chat uh please do an AP macro review if you need a help with a mael check out uh Jacob Clifford he's got phenomenal resources phenomenal there uh um definitely for sure okay uh shout out to Mr Moren the best AP hug teacher ever shout out to Mr Moren um that was from Andrew um from fluffy uh hey Mr s love the content and you have saved me so many times on test can't wait to get a five and shout out to coach Garcia at OCS so shout out there cool all right we are gonna go into our Concepts and we'll do some more shoutouts I'll go through the super chats everything again just want to make sure valueing you guys' time all right so right away traditional Society realize that this traditional Society majority here if we're thinking back to unit two we're in these early stages of that demographic transition model so majority of our economy is subsistence we're in that primary sector remember the primary sector here when we're in this area is focused on agriculture it's focused on Raw resources and the extraction generally speaking here what will start to happen is eventually we will transition this is when secondary our secondary sector starts to grow as we move to that preconditions for takeoff stage we start to see more investment in infrastructure in education all of this allows for more Industries to emerge remember infrastructure connects back to unit six comes up a lot but this is going to be seeing roads start to be taking off we start to see maybe some airports get created really what's starting to happen here is the tools for companies to actually be able to kind of succeed we still have a lot of like primary jobs but we're starting to get more and more of that secondary um actually starting to happen there again that infrastructure and education allows our Workforce too as people get educated to be able to handle um more things there other things that start to happen here is we start to see actually the economy get shifted a little bit because foreign states start to become a little bit more interested they're like hey there's this cheap labor force here they got some new infrastructure we can export some stuff out out of this country and we start seeing them paying a little bit of attention now the next stage is this takeoff stage so notice we're going up these stages build off of each other the reason why it looks like this they're building off they're kind of growing from there so the takeoff stage here we see this rapid economic growth all of these um framework and these foundations the infrastructure the schools this is all kind of helped out um and now this has led to a big boost in the economy we're starting to see jobs really start to move out of traditional agriculture they're leaving this primary sector they're going more into industrial activities so again that secondary sector there and excuse me my voice uh we also start to see a lot more urbanization and job opportunities so this allows then more and more production to happen this is also though where we're going to see I mentioned it earlier these states um other states are going to say hey we want to kind of take advantage of some of these resources that you have and this cheaper labor force we'll talk about the international division of labor later in this stream that economic restructuring that's occurring two concepts I've mentioned already we're going to talk about later so this takeoff stage we start to see other countries maybe come in and they want to exploit some of these raw resources they want to use some of this cheaper labor and so we see a lot of goods being produced that are being exported to other states now eventually we get to the drive to maturity stage now realize has drive to maturity here we have more and more specialization and we start to participate more in global trade you all of this is great we also start to see more jobs open up in the tertiary sector so again this is mainly primary we're shifting to secondary mainly secondary we're starting to shift to that tertiary so we continue to like build we're moving through these different economic sectors as we continue to have more Economic Development happen so in that drive to again we continue to see more and more influence from other states we see more and more exploitation of Natural Resources lastly we get to that high mass consumption stage so this is our final one here we have a lot of tertiary we're getting into the quinary the quenary all of the stuff there so we can see how these things kind of connect and during this stage a lot of these jobs now are in the tertiary in fact the state might actually be getting a lot of their um manufacturing done in other countries now that could be a possibility in States here generally have this high mass consumption consumption means purchasing so we do have a lot more of a focus around consumerism so kind of realize how these things build and that's the cool thing of this model and this whole class all these things connect I mean we could connect this back to the demographic transition model where we started with agriculture we kind of progressed there how it changed our differences in our population growth we could look back to unit four here we can see that countries that were colonizing the world using imperialism or imperialism generally are higher up on a development and they have the resources to then try and take advantage of other countries for production so all these things can kind of start to connect we' also Connect into the diffusion of culture and all that great stuff so that is Resto stages of economic growth now one criticism because there could be a question on the test like hey how's this model changed or what's a critique of it well we can see it doesn't really factor in the impact of colonialism it's not really highlighting that it's saying that all these countries or these States we can quick put it back up here that they all are kind of going in this order that every country will eventually get to this high mass consumption so it's not factoring in this impact that exploitation could have for example if someone all of a sudden is stuck and they can't Advance anymore because they are continuing to get uh taken advantage of and they don't have a Workforce producing for themselves so that would be a criticism there all right our next theory is wallerstein's World System Theory and again we can our core semi pery and pery now one of the things here that we're looking at is uh when we're talking about notice the interconnectedness the interdependence core countries wallerstein thought generally are going to benefit more from this global trade disproportionately they will get the most out of it they're going to take advantage of that cheap labor and those raw resources and materials from the semi- pery and the pery countries and we can see the semi- pery is going to do the same to the pery in return then the core countries are going to have all these good all this Goods they're going to sell it to other countries around the world then they'll get those money the money going back there so we look at this and how there's dependency it connects into the Dependency Theory which we're going to talk about next so this does kind of show um some of the impact of colonization it does show that um one thing to think about is like when decolonization happened so decolonization would be our colonies are getting Independence they're becoming free in a lot of places um these colonies they were set up the infrastructure was to support the colonizing Country and this Theory kind of highlights that is yeah Africa with the Berlin Conference we saw a lot of colonization happened a lot of superimposed boundaries but a lot of the infrastructure was set up to export things to Europe when a lot of these African countries became independent states they still actually traded a lot and depended on Europe because their systems were kind of set up that way so wallerstein's World System Theory realize kind of focuses on that you can see this relationship quick take that off so you can see the bottom you can see this relationship on the screen um one critique of wallerstein are people who kind of pointed out some flaws saying like well hey there's a variety of things happening today like micro financing and micro loans we talked about that earlier in this review already and these non-governmental organizations that are actually doing a lot of good to try and help these countries develop kind of trying to break this cycle so none of these models or theories are 100% perfect so just realize that all right had to drink of water all right our next theory that we're going to look at kind of complements wallerstein and it's this Dependency Theory so the whole idea of the Dependency Theory suggests that periphery or semi- periphery or if we want to say less economically developed countries are dependent on their economic growth so for them to continue to grow economically they become more dependent on core countries now what we see is if we're looking at scale we have more economically developed countries here less economically developed here if it was balanced this would be like both are kind of developing equally we can see it's tipped it is skewed what's happening is our core countries are more economically Advanced countries they reap more benefits of this global trade if we connect back to unit five when we looked at Plantation farming again Plantation agriculture generally happening in a less economically developed area cheaper labor it is exported than to more economically developed areas they then are getting cheaper food so the benefit really there disproportionately is going to that core country or that more economically developed country now there's still a benefit going to that less economically developed country the Dependency Theory it recognizes this but it's more highlighting that when we're looking at who's getting more of the benefit that it is these developed countries so just realize that's a Dependency Theory it compliments wallerstein's saying like hey that this development is isn't equal and one thing that I know a lot of my students have always asked about is well why why why wouldn't the less economically developed countries just demand better wages or stop the exploitation well the issue is there's more less economically Advanced countries and so what happens if is let's say country one is like hey we want to increase our workers pay and we are going to actually increase the amount of production here that core country or to be fair it could be a multinational corporation just to say okay well we got like 15 other countries over here that'll produce it for Less we'll just go with them and generally speaking that can be an issue especially if these countries have developed a commodity dependence so we talked about that last in unit five commodity dependence is another vocab word that you want to be familiar with uh so here is an example of a commodity dependence this is now Venezuela to be fair to them they have been trying to kind of uh move away from it but a commodity dependence is is where over 60% of our exports are made up of a certain commodity so we can see here definitely more than 60% we have a huge focus on our exports for Venezuela on petroleum gas oil and this can be a big issue this means that their economy was heavily heavily heavily connected to the exportation of this resource if anything happens to the price of gas then they're in trouble and unfortunately for them it did price of gas has gone down which then leads to their economics to struggle so commodity dependence it is a risky thing um generally you don't want to have that you want a diversified export um kind of portfolio you want to have money coming in from a variety of sources so you're not just at the whims of the market on one particular issue so that be commodity dependence a concept you kind of want to have an understanding of as well cool excuse me all right next concept here is global ization we've been referencing it a ton the quick drink of water as you read it all right I am back sorry again from doing all these live streams um today this is the third live stream today my voice it's just going to keep going but that's fine so just realize globalization we're looking at this connected world so and again it means countries become interdependent on one another mutually we depend on one another and that can even if we want to connect back to un four limit some sovereignty because if I'm now depending on you that means that if you want certain things but I don't like that I might not be able to do what I want because that might make you mad and you might not trade with me anymore and all of a sudden now it's like well I needed those goods so all these things kind of can connect here so globalization is big process economies cultures businesses politics it's all interconnected we all are interdependent here so realize that all right W I'm not some people are saying don't die take care of yourself I am I am it literally I don't know how my voice sounds um it doesn't sound good to me it is just because of all the Talking um every single day and then teaching so don't worry about it it's not a big deal at all uh hopefully the audio sounds good though for you guys all right the next thing we're going to go into and we're getting down to the second not second kind the last part of the unit and eventually we'll be switching to the ghoot but we're looking at trade and we're looking at different uh connections on this globalization and one concept you want to be familiar with is neoliberal policies so neoliberal policies of VAB term you might see these are going to be economic policies uh or could Connect into politics so like political ideology but generally the focus of any neoliberal policy is to try and give freedom from the government here free markets and free trade so we're trying to reduce barriers to trade we are trying to reduce government interaction or sorry regulation the goal here again is that free market and free trade free market if we connect into economics Adam Smith hands off L fair just let the free market figure it out if something's too expensive eventually cheaper things will come in the prices will come down uh free trade realize free trade one there is no like true 100% because free trade would have like no copyright and stuff but free trade is when we're not going to have like a tariff or this um we're making it easier to trade we're reducing the amount of restrictions or barriers to make it so that you can actually trade with other countries around the world so free trade generally stimulates economic growth um one thing I want to highlight these are all mentioned in the CED so when we're looking at different supernational organizations different things that can connect around the world actually I just saw yes it can connect to the EU absolutely yes yes great job there so these are different things that are mentioned by name that promote globalization so they Foster greater globalization and we're also looking to hear again um at more of these neoliberal policies so I'm not going to go into all of the different things about these organizations just realize these are in there um we're looking at different advantages to these so you maybe want to spend a little time just seeing their purpose but that's about it you don't have to memorize all of the different states that are part of them it'd be just understanding their role in promoting more globalization so that would be about it don't worry about like breaking down each member or memorizing all the members or things like that okay a tariff I mentioned a tariff tariff honestly there's a lot of confusion uh when it comes to tariffs tariffs are going to be the opposite of a free trade so one of the reasons why tariffs occur is generally because a state is concerned that they're going to lose too many domestic jobs remember domestic means we're talking about our own country so like local we're looking here um so a tariff is going to be I'm going to put a tax it's also called a duty on anything coming into to the country and we could put on specific products we could put on specific country we could put on specific resources so a tariff here is as products come in they have to pay an extra tax now the reason why we have this is because as they're coming in we're making it more expensive so let's say I could produce product a in uh China and I can produce it for $5 but if I was in the United States it would actually cost me $50 to produce it because here we have higher wages for our employees I have to give benefits things of that nature so China I can make this product for $5 I can make this product in the United States for 15 now one issue that a country might have is like whoa all of a sudden we might see a lot of jobs be like why am I going to pay people $15 in the US I'll just go have this stuff made in China and I will make it for five bucks then I'll bring it here I'll sell it for more I'll make a bigger profit a tariff would be put in place to try and counter that the goal is to try motivate companies to bring things back so I put a tariff in let's say the government says all right for product a we are going to put a $5 tariff on or a $10 tariff that $ five product now in China that I'm producing in China I have to come back I'm bringing it into the us if I have to pay $10 now all of a sudden that product is going to cost me to produce five for my production 10 to the government because of the Tariff the one thing that is Mis um skewed a lot of times is it's not the country that's actually paying the Tariff it's the business and generally what's going to happen is the business then they aren't going to just take the loss uh they're going to pass on to the consumer so generally when we put tariffs it raises the price of different goods and the consumer is the one that pays more for it um there's a variety of different beliefs on like free trade on tariffs you'll go more into an e economics um generally speaking though trade facilitates economic growth we trade and we are better off the United States we trade with countries around the world maybe you realize this or not but at your disposal if you live in the US you have access to more goods and services than pretty much any other country it's because of our trade and our specialization so trade is good it helps us be able to grow um so that would be a tariff in case you see it it does go against then um free trade so that would counter that all right uh couple things going into our next stuff here is the compliment index and a comparative advantage so these are also dealing with trade so when we're looking at this uh what we're talking about here is complimentary really we're looking at does your exports and imports do ours do they match are they compatible when we're talking about the complimentary index we're really trying to see okay I need cars you make cars you're exporting cars I'm trying to import them great great the higher the score on this index that means we're more compatible we are producing what we need a comparative advantage is dealing with specialization so everyone has um when we're talking about comparative advantage it connects into this thing called opportunity cost you don't have to really worry too much about opportunity costs really what it is is realize in your life maybe you've realized this already anytime you make a decision you're giving something else up so right now all of you are on this live stream and we're reviewing for AP Human Geography you could be playing Call of Duty fortnite you could be out with your friends you could be doing other things you've given that up you have chosen this so that has an opportunity cost opportunity cost is if you weren't doing this what would you be doing comparative advantage looks at countries and what it's saying is all right like the United States we don't have infinite resources if we want to build more trains that costs money that costs labor that costs time and so when we're building more trains we're not building something else comparative advantage is saying hey let's see what we are the best at so like right now I'm making this live stream um I would like to say I'm decent at it there's a lot of things I think I can do better and continue to improve on but I'm a lot better at doing live streams and making YouTube videos than I am at making a phone if I want to I could try to figure out the phone but it take me quite a while to do that it's in my interest to maybe focus on what I'm good at and I can trade with someone else who's good at making phones so I'll go and buy my phone from Apple um instead of trying to make it myself we'll kind of trade there we're exchanging goods and money there so depending on what you have an advantage in it's specialization when we specialize we are more efficient so here a comparative advantage countries what this is saying is they should focus on what they have a comparative advantage in produce those products and the products that you don't have a comparative advantage in trade find a different country and then trade with it the result is that you will get more goods and services and more of a growth in your economy so both of these are really just saying why we should trade complimentary we're looking at like the relationship you have these things you're exporting I want to import these great they're the same let's trade comparative advantage we're focusing on what we're good at and then we'll trade for other items so when we trade we are better off yes cool Gotta Love trade all right uh the next thing there when we're looking at um trade in general we also see countries become more interdependent so remember this is this Reliance between different groups and organizations I've talked about interdependence in multiple units already um one Concept in the CD that's mentioned with this is the international monetary fund so this is this International group that tries to promote Global growth in the economy in particular and it does that by trying to promote Trade It seeks to reduce Pro poverty so they're they're trying to create create more interdependence and trade to be able to bring more and more countries up and out of poverty so international monetary fund the IMF it could be on the exam it is in the CED and it's connected to this like interdependence again we become more and more interdependent when we're trading and when we're interacting so that something to see there all right now another thing too when we're looking at patterns in the world today and we're we're by the way we're starting to get to the end of unit 7 and then we'll be switching to the cahoot so again the goal here we're going over everything just to make sure it makes sense um when we are continuing to see uh trade happen over time more and more International Trade has occurred we've also seen more deindustrialization and you know do you remember we talked about it already what is de-industrialization I'll pin your comment on the screen so de-industrialization so over time we're seeing more and more International Trade de-industrialization happening and countries are becoming more and more interdependent so let's see here uh de-industrialization moving nope not moving away from cities going to Services okay kind of moving away from industrialization all right all right large factories starting to go away yeah we're seeing the shift from that secondary sector of the economy to the tertiary sector so remember we got that primary secondary tertiary quary quinary so we're seeing this shift and as we continue to see in the world today we are seeing more and more countries continue as they develop economically to shift to more service-based jobs and then they're essentially having production happen in less economically developed areas all right cool great job on that a lot of people got it uh next concept I've already mentioned a lot it is economic restructuring realize with economic restructuring we're talking about this shift in production employment investment trade patterns all this stuff it's just a big shift that's occurring when we look at economic restructuring today generally what we are starting to see is a lot of businesses in a lot of core countries we're seeing big shifts a lot of manufacturing jobs are leaving the countries leaving these core countries they're going to less developed countries economically so that pery and that semi- pery that's where these jobs are going we're focusing more on very specialized jobs more tertiary jobs so a lot of countries today are going through economic restructuring and that can be a benefit and it could also be a negative to be fair we also might see some economic restructuring occur with AI that continues to advance in automation we will probably in our lifetimes for sure your guys' lifetimes there'll be a lot of jobs we have now that'll they they'll be gone they're going to be gone but through that it's a concept in econ called creative destruction we see this destruction occur but new jobs will then come to replace jobs that we didn't even know existed today now when we're dealing with production I also want to highlight here offshoring and Outsourcing so I'll put it on full screen so you can kind of um read it a little bit easier for you so these are looking at either relocating a business or service in a foreign country so offshoring or Outsourcing is when I have a particular T like thing I'm trying to do and instead of me just producing it inhouse with my business I will then just have someone else I'm gonna hire someone else to do it so sometimes these get used interchangeably um they also can overlap depending on what we're looking at but just realize we see this happen a lot um particularly core countries we're seeing a lot of these secondary sector jobs offshore they're going to a different country Outsourcing too happens a lot and again it's because of efficiency if there's certain things that another company can do better it might make sense for me to Outsource it so instead of me trying to do everything I can Outsource some of these uh production and then that will allow me to actually be more efficient and produce more so that can happen for those kind of different reasons all right we are getting down there the next thing that we're looking at is free trade zones and export processing zones all of these are going to be forms of a special economic zone so remember special economic zone we're looking at this area where the government has actually changed some of the rules the laws and the goal is to promote foreign investment uh if you remember back to unit six when we were reviewing the Southeast Asian City model they had their kind of special economic zones they were trying to Foster and promote investment from other countries so generally speaking we see less developed countries economically the semi pery and pery they're going to have more special economic zones uh you might see it shortened to secz the goal here is you're trying to promote trade and investment from these core countries now two different types of a special economic zone that you want to be familiar with is a free trade zone which would be an area where there's no tariffs there's no trade barriers so free trade zone here the goal is to try to have Imports they could be stored they could be processed and there's there's no extra tax on it so it's incentivizing trade the other you might see is an export processing zone so here there's a lot of I just quick looked over and someone's like oh my gosh there's so much vocab there is but it's okay geographers you can do this you've got this you're going to rock this test have confidence I know you can do this you've got this so last one of these and then we're g go on to the next part is that export processing Zone um so here again this area is actually Des to create that secondary sector the goal here is producing stuff for export so actually if we look at NAFTA um which was that North America free trade agreement between Mexico uh Canada and the United States we saw a lot of mad Doras open up right on the border of the US and Mexico what was happening is since we no longer had tariffs or any barriers we saw these zones pop up all these Mador these factories which took advantage of Mexico's cheaper labor and less strict labor laws and different things with production so a lot of these factories started producing products and then they were exported to the United States they didn't have to pay a tariff it was cheaper unfortunately that did lead to some de-industrialization we can look at like Detroit for example which unfortunately lost a lot of their Industries as these companies decide to Offshore their Outsource their work and they brought it over to Mexico to produce it for cheaper so there is consequences to all of these all right let's look at our next concept here it is the international division of labor so this is a concept you could see really what we're looking at is we are looking at how countries are utilizing this comparative advantage we've already talked about that so remember comparative advantage we're focusing on producing what we are good at and then we are going to actually try and import we're going to buy from other areas what we're not as good at so that would be comparative advantage here this international division of labor more and more what we're seeing is these core countries these multinational corporations are actually having their work done and their products made in semi- pery and pery countries then they're shipping them back so that is going to be kind of this international division of labor as it's changing again this is an impact of globalization all right our next thing is the multiplier effect so this can happen in a variety of ways um the graphic there kind of helps a little bit think of it this way if Apple opens up a new fact Factory in wherever in the world so they open up in a country they hire all these people then those people who are working uh in that factory they are now getting a paycheck well when they're going to work they need to go and get food so then now they go to a local restaurant in the lunch break and they now pay them those people now in the restaurant are now making more money because now they have Factory workers that are now spending money there so now they're going to hire another person to help with the restaurant because now they're having a rush order now that person has more money now they're going to be able to spend more money because they have some more money so they go and buy stuff there and all of a sudden we continue to see this increase so an original investment has this ripple effect where it increases the amount of money there so that's the multiplier effect I'm spending maybe $10 but that impact is like $20 on the economy and the opposite can technically be true too if that Factory closes all of a sudden now there's less people working in the factory they're not getting lunch that starting to lay people off they have less money they're not doing as much so it can have the opposite effect the multiplier effect it could be through the government or it could be through a business that could start it so just realize that um that would be the multiplier effect there all right cool getting down there um here we're looking at production now so we're getting into fordism and post fordism of production so these are methods of producing things and I'll put this on the screen so you can kind of see this graphic here um so when we're looking at it realize all of these are dealing with after the Industrial Revolution we are looking at this mass production model here so fordism generally speaking we have our raw resources our parts they go into manufacturing we're just making kind of one type of good and then what we have here is our sales and distribution post Forest though now you have more option so as we're continuing to go through here we can see that the customer can actually buy a variety of different Goods we're more flexible we're also maybe using just in time delivery we're producing a variety of different um products here in different kind of stages so just realize this connects into our production cool uh another concept that you want to know with production is economies of scale we talked about this in unit five so remember this is as a company grows it's able to reduce that average cost to produce its product so the reason why it's happening is because as they invest more in their machines and their production methods eventually uh they can continue to produce like so if I'm buying um an assembly line and I'm buying all that production all that stuff I now have paid for it I can now keep producing at a cheaper rate eventually maybe my business grows so much I need to buy another assembly line and so I'm gonna have to upgrade it there but all economies of scale is is as a company grows it's able to reduce the average cost to produce a product so individually the cost of producing one unit goes down for them this gives them an advantage this is why many large multinational corporations are able to produce things for such a cheap price because they have that infrastructure already built so if you're trying to compete with them it's very difficult to compete with um and that creates some issues there okay we are down to the last like two things three things I realize this is a lot this unit is huge so I really want to make sure we're going into everything then we're going to start um our cahoot I also realized I've missed some super chats and some shout outs there so I'll get to those right after I just want to make sure that I can get through all of this um for you uh yes I was just quick I thought I saw one of my students Maybe not maybe I missed it all right anyways uh let's get back into it so couple Concepts you want to be familiar with here for some more vocab just in time delivery is going to deal with this production realize it's a little bit risky but all this is is a compan is gonna say hey we're not going to have everything um in our facility all at once we're going to have things delivered right when we need them so literally just in time delivery so it gets there and then right away we're going to use it the goal isn't to have a bunch of inventory sitting there a glomeration we've talked about before so I'm going to skip that um growth poles we haven't mentioned yet this would be like Silicon Valley would be an example these are very specific regions it could be a city areas where uh economic sector just really takes off so a lot of growth and development and generally one of the reasons why it happens is because of glomeration it's like Silicon Valley has turned into this growth pole for Tech because there's all these resources there so all these businesses have a shared labor force they have the shared infrastructure so agglomeration can often help growth poles and de-industrialization we already talked about it's the decline of that secondary sector so that secondary sector is going down we're shifting more to tertiary that can have a variety of different impacts all right our last part of the unit and then we're done is sustain a so we're at the sustainability part realize here when we're looking at sustainability um these are the UN sustainable goals I don't think honestly you need to memorize all of these but one thing I want to kind of Hope point out to you is notice a lot of these are our units we're looking at food we're looking at health education gender equality we are looking at inequalities we're looking at urbanization we are looking at different concepts that we have been learning about this whole course so the cool thing is kind of everything connects to its um to the different units so that's the one nice thing with these just realize that when countries are kind of focusing on these developments and when they're kind of um continuing to advance and try to be more sustainable it leads to a higher standard of living and it also too um helps promote more economic growth yes all right cool we got two more things left one I want to highlight sustainability in general it's the use of the Earth's resources in a way that make sure future Generations can use it you also might see resource de uh de depletion I don't know why talking for a while depletion there which is just be essentially we are exhausting our natural resources so maybe we've exceeded that carrying capacity and we are actually starting to see our natural resources decrease the last concept there um to to highlight is degradation so you might see this more with unit five like environmental degradation this is really a decline in the quality so that could be our ecosystem it could be natural resources and generally it's because of human activities so understand that all right very last term of unit seven is e tourism and that's it we are on to uh the cahoot so you can get signed into to the cot in just a second ecotourism is on the screen there it is so here for and tourism we're trying to conserve the environment promote um our wonderful local people and learn about indigenous cultures things there woo all right that is unit seven that's it um we have officially I realize I I can see in the chat some of you guys like this is taking a long time if you think about it all these unit reviews we we're going over like a month of content for each one so this one's definitely a little longer there's a lot to talk about there we're going to do the cahoot now hopefully you're having some fun so let's switch things up um and get it up and going if you were watching the other video thank you for watching us um tomorrow just as a recap and a reminder for people I am going to be doing some live streams we're going to do one on some frq task FBS it's going to start at 7 pm central time um the other one that I'm going to do is going to be on taking a practice multiple choice test and kind of explaining it and breaking it down so that way hopefully it kind of helps you for uh the test reason why I'm looking around right now I'm trying to like like all these different screens I'm trying to get um the cahoot up so thank you all for join us we're going to do the cahoot now let's get people in this cahoot so here you go again if you're noticing everyone's already in there that is because of the ultimate review pack or not ulate review packet the Discord server it's all in the Discord server so you can check out the Discord server uh there right now Discord server it is crazy we have we have over 21,000 students and um teachers in this Discord server it's completely free to join so feel free to check it out if you're interested so it's cool place as people get in this is the Discord server so you can see here we have a bunch of review resources in it um we can see study tips here's unit one unit two three so right now we just did Unit Seven generally look at here's all the people talking about cahoot yep so they're all studying reviewing we got a full chat here all these are students everyone's saying hello Yeah you're awesome you're all great so this is free to join if you're interested uh you can check it out all right we're going to get started with our cahoot good luck everybody I'll put the Cahoots code on the bottom just to make sure you can get it also get to some of the super chats now so once I get our cahoot code up so Unit Seven here we go question one which indicator could be used to understand the standard of living which indicator what do we got all right C code correct all righty um Perfect all right switching things up here just making sure everything was actually working cool and three seconds left on the clock and it is our gross national income per capita so we're looking at how much money is coming in the per capita we're looking at by individuals in our society there so that generally shows a standard of living the higher that number that means more people have access access to wealth more people have had opportunities there so if we're looking at economics at least all right we spent some time looking at this um so we are talking about which country has the least gender inequality so we're talking about our gender inequality index here so remember don't mix this up with the HDI that human development index those are different how we're going to interpret the data is different so check that out there all right I'm gonna go to the comments let's go to the Super chats that I'm behind on um shout out from money shout out shout out to you um combat pancake says shout out to rean High School Miss Rose's first period class shout out to Miss Rose in her first period class shout out to you um going up to our next one it is Denmark yes with that 0.38 so again remember the lower the score here the better that's the opposite of the HDI so the higher the score for the gender inequality index that means we have more inequality the lower the score the better there all right going in to our next one which economic sector is in the image below so we've talked about those a lot um we have another shout out to Mr kbor Mr Korn in Florida uh and that's from yeah Mr Sanchez uh yeah shout out to Mr kbor in Florida uh man sloly says thank you thank you thank you um next one's from Jason shout out to miss um NG at Tomkins High School uh she overprepared us that is amazing so she overprepared you ceds if you get fives shout out um yeah to miss G shout out there and it is the primary sector so remember primary sector when we're looking at anything with natural resources the extraction here is going to be primary also remember secondary is going to be be this manufacturing production tertiary is going to be service based and the quater is going to be a type of tertiary and that's where we're looking at um that knowledge base and the collection of it here we go next question excuse me all right we're looking at tariffs here so remember tariffs are going to go a little bit against free trade they're not going to be neoliberal policies they'll counter neoliberal policies um what we got here shout out to Emmanuel um chu chu I apologize if I mispronounced your last name there but shout out to Manu um from Mooney shout out to M Miss Burns first thank you for teaching us so well and you said you're still cooked but you're not cooked you're gonna cook this test you've got this got to have confidence you can do this yes so majority of people got it remember tariffs the goal is to try and make business businesses come back to the country if I'm putting tariffs up I'm trying to make it so it's less of an advantage to produce Goods in another country I'm trying to motivate people to come back and produce in our own country there all right next question coming up over the recent years what's been happening to the international division of labor what do we got all right uh another shout out from type 58 um can you shout out my number one AP Human Geography teacher miss you shout out miss you all right um then a shout out from Soo toor I apologize I think I mispronounced your name but thank you thank you very much okay I think I'm caught upon the super chats okay going back here all right switching back over cool majority of people got this yes we can see this again in all those different theories of economic velopment in our world trade so again that international division of labor we're seeing some shifts core countries are focusing more on tertiary um pery and semi- pery it's going to be more that secondary there so good you guys are getting this you're rocking this you can do this uh which of the following would promote investment from foreign companies so what do we got here what do we have all right a big thing too I keep seeing in the chat like some people are like oh I'm cooked there I'm not going to do it you got to have confidence I mean the fact that you guys are here right now it's a Sunday you could be doing a bunch of other things you're here studying and reviewing for a test that isn't even tomorrow it's gonna be on Tuesday you can do this have confidence in yourself geographers I know you can do this you've got this yes we have special economics zones so again special economics the C here is we're trying to promotee this investment so this could be that EZ not e e is going to be the law of the C that's that's unit four this is going to be that free trade zone or those export processing zones those would be examples of those so just kind of highlighting that again all right let's go on to our next question question seven here we go core countries are more likely to have blank jobs while semi- pery countries are more likely to have what um we have a question here try I'm G to get I realized I'm behind on super chats again I'll try to get back to that the gni so gender inequality index or wait oh sorry you're looking at the um gross national income gross national income we're looking at how much money is being made by businesses and also our citizens um so that's just focus on money GDP is looking at production that is happening within only within our countryes boundaries so like if I'm talking about the United States's GDP it is production that is occurring just in the country and that could be production from people who are citizens of the country it could be foreign companies as well so hopefully that helps maybe a little bit there and yes it is the tertiary sector and secondary we've talked about this a lot so we're gonna go on to our next one you guys are starting to get this down awesome awesome awesome yes you are getting fives um we are on question some people ask ask about the amount we are in question eight of 27 so if for some of these that are like really we don't have a lot of like um differences here we're just going to go to the next one so if pretty much everyone's getting it we might just go to the next question there some people ask about the genie coefficient that would be more of like AP microeconomics not as much here but the genie coefficient just looks at the amount of income inequality um you don't really have to worry that much about that for AP human Geo all right cool majority people got bulk reducing good we're looking at that change in our transportation so we are going from like one motor transportation to another you guys rocked it so awesome job there all right here we go what is not one of the factors that Weber leas cost theory uses to determine the location of production so what do we got all right um switching back over kind of try to catch up on some of the um shout out to miss EB's first period so shout out there from uh shout out to miss E's first period um okay shout out to Mr bordick the goat shout out to the goat awesome uh shout out to Mr Nicholas shout out to Mr Nicholas um we got this one yes so remember we have glomeration transportation costs and those labor costs one thing quick and actually I'll pin someone's comments in here um so I'm not on the super chats right now but what's the difference between a bulk reducing good and a bulk gaining good and where are they going to locate their production so I'm gonna go to the next question but this also connects into Weber's least cost are we are practicing that so what do we got bulk gaining bulk reducing uh the Cahoots are posted they'll be in that ultimate review packet so if you're interested they're in the ultimate review packet you can do all of them there all right um quotas quotas would be so someone's so what are quotas quotas would be like I'm only going to allow so many people like immigrants into the country so I could say hey I'm only going to allow this many people from this country in I'm going to put a quota it's going to limit immigration there uh bulk reducing gets lighter and it's closer to production so close bul gaining uh heavier so it's closer to the consumers that's a good way to put it there bulk reducing closer to the materials so the production the only reason why for that first comment said close production we're trying to figure out where to put the production so if it's bulk reducing meaning as we continue to produce our product it is going to get lighter then we're going to have it close to those raw resources um bulk gaining means as production's happening it's getting heavier and harder to transport so that'll be closer to the consumers or that market there all right we have a little bit of a divide here so remember cottage industries is one of our vocab terms um cottage industries get destroyed here we do still have coal production that happened a lot during the Industrial Revolution just in time delivery still happens Family Farm still but cottage industries really took a hit during this time um because what was happening is everyone started producing these larger factories this mass production so cottage industries kind of faded away because that's where we used to make things by hand and personalized now they you still can find people doing that but it's a lot more rare all right the image below is known as what what do we got here um shout out to my teacher Rashad shout out out to you um can I shout out this is from Jada shout out Miss patp the best AP teacher so shout out to you Miss patp I apologize if mispronouncing these names um but shout out to you the best AP teacher um another one shout out to the goat Mr uh saborn shout out to you um what other ones cool majority people did get this again break a bulk points we got this transfer occurring there so we're going to go on to our next one awesome job again there's a lot of vocab in here but also too the more we practice the easier this vocab becomes so it becomes easier and easier all right we're looking at a country's HDI remember this is going to be different than if we were looking at the gender inequality index how we interpret it does change here so what do we got happening we got our map anyone know is what is our scale and scale of analysis here so anyone have an idea I'll kind of I I'll pin a comment on the screen I'll try to go [Music] here uh Global so we have a global scale looking at the world our scale of analysis would be National so we're looking at National so scale of analysis is National again the boundaries here clearly matter the data is organized that way our scale is global all right majority people got it cool so we're go on to the next one again remember when we're looking at that HDI the higher the number the better when we're looking at that g gender inequality index then the lower the number is better all right we're on our next question here what benefits do microloans offer so what benefits do microloans offer shout out to miss jadar from Jesuit High School so shout out to Mr jar from Jesuit High School trying to catch back up I apologize if I'm missing things we have a lot of people on the stream which is amazing it's just really hard so if I'm missing something I do really apologize I'm trying to keep up I'm trying to especially read the super chats I'm trying to look also too at the chat we got a lot going on yes majority people got this one great so microl loans again help with women especially in less economically developed areas be able to have their own small business to be able to grow micr loans micro financing that's all the goal there all right which of the following best explains a commodity dependence so what do we got for a commodity dependence what do we have um some people are saying that you can't get into the cot I apologize what probably has happened is we maxed out cahoot so we might have crashed the cahoot so I will post this in the ultimate review packet if you want to otherwise you can follow along I apologize that you weren't able to get in so you still can follow along and have fun you can say the answer in the chat uh and that could be a way to do it yeah so the majority of people did get it again commodity dependence this is a negative because it means you are going to be fully dependent on this exportation of these Commodities if the majority of our exports are all in one thing or two things that means if anything happens there our econom is in a lot of trouble and we saw that with Venezuela they had like we looked in our notes portion a massive massive Reliance on um natural gas and oil or not natural gas but petroleum all right okay we have one last shout out apparently I keep messing the name up so I I apologize hopefully I get it right here um but it is a shout out um to Mr Seaborn or wait seor Mr caborn Mr cbor hopefully that's right shout out to Mr sorn I apologize um for or mispronouncing it if I mispronounced that earlier so shout out to you all right cool majority people got for globalization remember more and more globalization and more global trade continues to restructure a lot of countries we're seeing economic restructuring happening as we continue to have more and more interdependence occurring there all right here we go all right when looking at countries today we can see their economies are interdependent we have talked about interdependent a ton so hopefully people do get this if you've been paying attention you should be able to get Ito getting tired but still it's a lot of fun it's crazy seeing all of you guys here I'm so just happy all right yes countries are connected and influence one another so remember this interdependence this can create this dependency we're connected that could challenge sovereignty that can lead to more um production it can lead to more specialization all these can be good things all right we got next one here which looks at the United Nations sustainable goals we talked about this at the end of our notes so remember that was at the end of our notes that we looked at all of this stuff here so what do we got what do we got happening alrighty five seconds left again I I don't think that you have to memorize all of these different ones the focus though is on these themes and patterns and again we can kind of see all of our different units connected here all right yeah higher Economic Development and Social Development so all of these is not going to be true the reason why we're not going to see a reduction reduction means goes down our GDP isn't going to shrink our GMP isn't going to shrink also too it see yellow is saying the higher amount of jobs offered in the secondary sector unless in urban areas uh we can still have a sustainable society and have Urban areas so it's not going to be all of the above um it's just going to be read generally when we focus on our sustainable goals if we're looking at this quick again notice it's a reduction in inequality it's gender inequality we want to reduce hunger we want to reduce poverty all of these things are going to lead to economic growth Social Development that's going to continue to advance our society um so it wouldn't be those others there uh if you're looking for my review packet you can find the link in the description of this video so the Link's in the description of this video um you'll be able to find it there so definitely Ste time if you're interested by all means check it out the cots are in there um plus any of those unit summary videos that aren't on YouTube they're all in the ultimate review packet so if you're interested great if not no big deal find something that works for you all right here we go um so this I would say is not a major Focus these are not listed in in the CED um so you I right now I would not be spending time learning all the different like um economic and political ideologies that's not a big Focus here there could be things maybe connected to like free market when we're talking about neoliberalism but these other Concepts not necessarily as big of a focus cool majority of people are getting this one correct so we're going to go on to the next one it's crazy seeing how many people are in the cahoot if I do skip through a question and you're like hey I really need to know the difference here please let me know realize though I'm not trying to ignore anyone it's just the chat goes so fast we have so many people and I'm trying to bounce back and forth so generally it's just hard for me to keep up with it um I did see one person I was going to pin it and it's already gone they were asking about neoliberal policies remember neoliberalism is the promotion of more free trade free market so that could be a government policy it could also be a trade deal so that'd be more neoliberalism all righty so which of the following would explain why we want to maximize things um we want to try and get as much of our efficiency as possible so that would be the correct answer again not all of them so citizens in more economically developed countries have jobs in the primary and secondary sector we know that's not true one of the things that happens is as we continue to see advancements in the economy it is more of the tertiary yellow here is saying they can reduce trade deficits and offer more jobs for Citizens uh a trade deficit would just be if we're trading with China um actually here easy way to think of a trade deficit maybe you shop at Target if you don't pretend you do you go to Target you're giving them money and you get Goods back Target I would bet does not give you money so you have a trade deficit you are giving Target more money than they're giving you but you're okay with that because that's trade that you willing to do so a trade deficit is just an imbalance in the amount of trade happening monetarily at least between two different countries there all right let's go on to our next question uh we are getting down there uh yes all right Central kids say hi hello to the central kids hello hello um shout out to Mr hoisen from his favorite student before all right here we go what is our order all righty so we again have that traditional the preconditions for takeoff drive to maturity and high mass consumption so we had some splits here we talked about this in our review remember this does change how we're seeing development um and again we could connect to that primary secondary tertiary um sectors there cool let's go on to our next question change in the leaderboard big changes in the leaderboard W oh you did in the opposite order you did it upside down you did it up down rigged I'm so sorry I'm so sorry uh what happened to the takeoff I'm sorry I didn't mean to do it in the wrong order whatever the takeoff I can only put so many options for cahoot that's all it was all right here is our next one here we go 14 seconds left alrighty and it is the multiplier effect awesome job pretty much everyone got that again comparative advantage we're focusing on specializing what we do best AAL division of labor we are looking at um kind of like today the international division of labor generally we have lower paying jobs in more economically developing areas so those pery semi- pery uh creation of growth PS we're talking about like this specialized area kind of glomeration starts to happen which helps out so these regions that become really focused on a particular industry which allows for a lot of growth to happen for example Silicon Valley all right here we go next question coming up question 22 almost done when looking at wallerstein's World System Theory we can observe what what can we observe all right um okay going [Music] down um we have a shout out to Mr Kimbro you are the best shout out to Mr Kimbro um that's from the Sith turkey I like the icon that is a it's a quality icon got the turkey with the the lightsaber there yes we're looking at this Economic Development and this benefit again more economically developed countries generally are going to disproportionately benefit more wo got some changes in that leaderboard all right countries that are in the traditional state AG of Row's model of development are more likely to see what more likely to see what what do we got here all right and we are going to start wrapping this up soon we're getting down there so remember to tomorrow uh some people were talking about other streams tomorrow we'll do one for kind of f frq tips at 7 and then the last one um we'll go over some practice multiple choice tests and then it's test day it's crazy crazy crazy crazy and yeah jobs located in The primary sector so again as we develop and as we'll put this back up as we move we go in primary secondary we're kind of eventually getting to the tertiary so it's this growth that's happening so you want to understand this Theory it could also connect to that demographic transition model similar themes a lot of this stuff starts to connect from all these different units someone asking what frq stands for it stands for for free response question free response um question there yes um we got a shout out to Mr sealer watched every unit video all year that that is a lot of Mr I I I I almost feel bad um I know my students they get annoyed of me so you've watched a lot but hopefully it's helped you out um thank you very much so shout out to Mr steer that's from uh jab music official there you go all right uh the image below is an example of AG glomeration so again the location here we have some benefit deag glomeration what this one would be so I didn't mention this in the other review deag glomeration would be when these like actually break up so they're starting to split so things are actually going to be farther apart again I do apologize if I am missing things um like some of your uh super chats I I'm trying to get to all of them also too um just in general uh the chat it just it goes so fast all right we are on question 25 of 27 so we're looking here at production we have different production things we talked about this at the end so this was kind of towards the end of the stream that we were looking at it so six seconds left what do we got and yes Forest methods so again here is more of our forest methods we have our raw materials our parts notice we're making different items so maybe it's like different color variations or there's different things inside the product here then it goes to our consumers whereas with Forest methods of production everything goes into the manufacturing it's just one so we have more specialized um people here just doing one task here we have a variety of people doing multiple tasks all right question 26 of 27 this is cooking you that's okay if this is cooking you that's all right because here's where you want to learn so we can improve then you will cook the AP test and you don't have to worry about it uh someone asking about vocab do I have a vocab list I do have I just finished making it I'll put it in the ultimate review packet in that like kind of 30-day free preview so it's that free preview will be but it'll be the vocab from the C I can add that I can make that I'll do that yeah I'll try get the vocab excuse me all right country has more urbanization jobs in secondary texure yes perfect majority people got it again this is Resto stages of development we're looking at resto's model there all right here we go last question last question all righty which of the would not be an example of a neoliberal policy uh some people asking about economies of scale remember economies of scale is as uh a company that has economies of scale can actually produce a product individually cheaper than someone who doesn't they have more fixed resources they have more resources that they can produce stuff and so it allows them to actually reduce the cost of their production it's why multinational corporations that generally have economies of scale can actually make things cheaper which makes it harder to compete with them because they have a lower cost there neoliberal policies remember I saw some people your comments have already moved on but remember neoliberal policies were promoting more free market and free trade so a tariff which is a tax on bringing things into the country would go against neoliberal policies that would be the opposite opposite for sure uh shout out from Jacob Warden to uh coach darl R ranner sorry um we watched the video you watch watch the video that's great I'm glad you watched the video uh maybe you get extra credit or something there you go shout out to the coach now he can know for sure that you watched it uh cool all right here is our leaderboard we got the posam in first the sea lion in second um and our seal in third so we did it we did it all seven units are done we've covered the entire course in seven days man ah my voice will be gone but that is okay all right I'm gonna wrap it up because this is the longest live stream we've done to date and this is the third live stream I've done today tomorrow again there'll be two they'll pop up in YouTube in just a little bit so you can check it out in that playlist thank you all so much for coming out excuse me um I really appreciate all of you I am sorry if I didn't get to anyone's comments or chats there's a lot I will go back I'll make sure to look at all of them uh remember you can do this you've got this we're in the end game now don't give up if you're getting discouraged if you're getting overwhelmed believe in yourself pause take a deep breath go back and then keep studying keep practicing things you're going to be able to do this it's a lot of work now the stress is high now but when it a comes to after that test oh you're gonna feel so good so tomorrow we'll have two last live streams and then we're it and it's at the test time so thank you all for tuning in have a great day uh great night enjoy