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Reconstruction Era: Policies and Impacts

May 8, 2025

Heimler's History: Reconstruction (1865-1877)

Introduction

  • Focus on the effects of government policy during Reconstruction on society from 1865 to 1877.
  • Key question: Should the Confederacy be treated with leniency or as a conquered foe?

Lincoln's Plan for Reconstruction

  • Ten-Percent Plan:
    • Southern states could re-establish their governments if 10% of 1860 voters pledged loyalty to the Union and ratified the Thirteenth Amendment (abolishing slavery).
    • Aimed for minimal barriers for Southern reentry to maintain Union.
  • Lincoln's assassination thwarted the plan's enactment.

Andrew Johnson's Presidency

  • Attempted to continue Lincoln's lenient policies.
  • Characteristics:
    • Southerner from Tennessee.
    • Opposed emancipation and racial equality.
    • Allowed former slave-owners to regain power, passing Black Codes to restrict black freedoms.

Radical Republicans' Opposition

  • Disagreed with Johnson's policies.
  • Sought Congressional leadership for Reconstruction.
  • Legislation Passed:
    • Extension of the Freedman's Bureau.
    • Civil Rights Act of 1866 (protected black citizenship and rights).
    • Overrode Johnson's veto on both.

Constitutional Amendments

  • Fourteenth Amendment:
    • Defined citizenship, guaranteed equal protection under the laws.
  • Reconstruction Acts of 1867:
    • Military division of the South into five districts.
    • Required Southern states to ratify the 14th Amendment and ensure universal male suffrage (including black men).

Impeachment of Andrew Johnson

  • The Tenure of Office Act of 1867 led to Johnson's impeachment trial.
  • Failed removal by one Senate vote.

Women's Rights Movement

  • Fifteenth Amendment:
    • Granted voting rights to black men but excluded women.
    • Created a split among women's rights advocates:
      • National Woman Suffrage Association (Stanton and Anthony): Opposed the amendment due to exclusion of women.
      • American Woman Suffrage Association (Stone and Blackwell): Supported the 15th Amendment while pursuing women's suffrage at the state level.

Conclusion

  • The video concludes with a light-hearted note on the difficulty of remembering association names and encourages viewers to continue watching series to succeed in exams.