Back to notes
Define the role of integrase inhibitors in HIV therapy and give two examples.
Press to flip
Integrase inhibitors prevent the integration of viral DNA into host DNA. Examples: Dolutegravir, Raltegravir.
What is the mechanism of action of protease inhibitors in HIV treatment?
Protease inhibitors block the HIV protease enzyme, preventing the maturation of viral particles.
What is a significant adverse effect of Amantadine used for influenza?
Significant adverse effects include ataxia, QT prolongation, and livido reticularis.
Name the drug that inhibits the neuraminidase enzyme in influenza and explain its relevance.
Oseltamivir and Zanamivir are neuraminidase inhibitors, relevant for releasing the virus from the host cell.
What are the key proteins on HIV that are targeted by entry inhibitors?
gp41, gp120
Which receptors on T-helper cells are involved in HIV entry?
CD4, CCR5, CXCR4
How does Maraviroc work in preventing HIV entry into host cells?
Maraviroc prevents gp120 from binding to the CCR5 receptor on T-helper cells.
What are the common components of HAART in HIV treatment?
Typically, HAART consists of 2 NRTIs plus 1 NNRTI, Integrase Inhibitor, or Protease Inhibitor.
List three examples of NNRTIs used in HIV treatment.
Nevirapine, Efavirenz, Etravirine
Which drug is a guanosine analog used for HSV/VZV, and what is a common adverse effect?
Acyclovir; common adverse effect is nephrotoxicity.
Describe the mechanism and an adverse effect of Ribavirin in the treatment of Hepatitis C.
Ribavirin inhibits inosine 5-phosphate dehydrogenase, preventing RNA synthesis. Adverse effect: hemolytic anemia.
What is the role of Interferon Alpha in Hepatitis treatment and what are its potential adverse effects?
Interferon Alpha boosts the immune response, increases antiviral peptides, and inhibits protein/RNA synthesis. Adverse effects include teratogenicity and pancytopenia.
What adverse effect is associated with the use of Tenofovir in Hepatitis B treatment?
Fanconi Syndrome
What is the mechanism of action of NRTIs in HIV treatment?
NRTIs are fake nucleotides that get incorporated into the growing DNA strand, preventing further elongation.
Explain the adverse effects linked to Cidofovir when used against resistant HSV/CMV.
Cidofovir can cause nephrotoxicity and crystal-induced nephropathy.
How does the influenza drug Baloxavir work?
Baloxavir inhibits the endonuclease enzyme, which is essential for RNA transcription in influenza viruses.
Previous
Next