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What is the physiological role of adrenaline when it acts as a neurotransmitter versus when it is in the bloodstream?
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As a neurotransmitter, adrenaline is localized affecting only one cell, whereas in the bloodstream, it affects numerous cells throughout the body, enhancing the fight or flight response.
How does the body prioritize issues according to the 'Squeaky Wheel Gets the Grease' concept?
The body prioritizes the most significant problem first, such as directing blood flow to the brain during fainting or rapidly clotting blood at a wound site.
What is the effect of adrenaline in the bloodstream on the body?
Adrenaline in the bloodstream triggers a systemic effect, enhancing the fight or flight response by increasing heart rate, energy availability, and blood flow to muscles.
How does the body respond to a cut and what concept does this illustrate?
The body responds to a cut by clotting blood at the site, prioritizing this issue to prevent excessive blood loss, illustrating the 'Squeaky Wheel Gets the Grease' concept.
What is the significance of location in the effects of substances in the body?
The location of substances significantly affects their function, as seen with adrenaline, which has different effects when acting locally as a neurotransmitter versus systemically in the bloodstream.
What is an example of a physiological process that demonstrates the 'High to Low' concept besides gas exchange?
Diffusion of nutrients from the intestines into the bloodstream, where nutrients move from a higher concentration in the gut to a lower concentration in the blood.
How does the structure of a hammer illustrate the concept of 'Structure Determines Function'?
The long wooden handle of a hammer allows for greater swing speed, and the heavy head applies more force, showing how its structure is designed for its function of driving nails.
What mechanisms does the body use to maintain body temperature?
The body uses mechanisms like sweating to cool down and shivering to generate heat, maintaining body temperature within a stable range.
What happens to unused substances in the digestive and kidney systems?
Unused substances are excreted if they are not absorbed or reabsorbed, as part of the body's efficiency in resource management.
Describe the movement of gases during gas exchange in the lungs according to the 'High to Low' concept.
Oxygen moves from a high concentration in the lungs to a lower concentration in the blood, and carbon dioxide moves from a high concentration in the blood to a lower concentration in the lungs.
How does the structure of the skin relate to its function?
The skin is stretchy and durable, which protects and insulates the body, demonstrating how its structure is crucial for its function.
What are some variables maintained under homeostasis and what happens if homeostasis is not maintained?
Variables like body temperature, blood glucose, and blood pressure are maintained. Failure to maintain these can lead to diseases such as hypertension.
How does the concept of 'Structure Determines Function' relate to the anatomy and physiology of teeth?
Teeth have hard enamel which is structured to effectively break down food, demonstrating how their structure is specifically adapted to their function of mastication.
Explain the concept of 'Use It or Lose It' with an example related to muscle atrophy.
Muscle atrophy occurs due to lack of exercise, where muscles degrade over time because they are not used, exemplifying the 'Use It or Lose It' concept.
Why does fainting occur and how does it relate to the body's prioritization system?
Fainting occurs to prioritize blood flow to the brain, ensuring vital functions continue by temporarily reducing blood flow requirements elsewhere.
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