hey everybody Mr J here by the end of this video you will have obtained six Core Concepts that will help you understand every single aspect of anatomy and physiology it will be incredibly helpful so watch through to the end and I promise you you will really benefit from this so let's get started so first off let's talk about what anatomy and physiology actually is what it actually means so on this slide obviously I have a hammer I hope you know that at this point now when I ask you what is the anatomy of this hammer I'm asking for physical characteristics of it what does it look like how is it shaped so I could say hey this hammers Anatomy it has a long shaft made of wood and then it has a head that is kind of formed like a t and the head is very heavy okay that would be the anatomy of the hammer but what's the function of it why do hammers look like this well it's because you use a hammer to obviously Hammer Nails in so you need a good long handle to make some uh make some speed as you hit that nail and then the head has to be really heavy so it applies a lot of force onto that handle so there's kind of a lever going on and then a heavy head to hit the nail that would be the function or the physiology of the hammer so in all of your anatomy and physiology class I want you to think hey How does the structure of this cell of this tissue determine the function of that structure okay how does the anatomy determine the physiology and that's my first core concept is that structure determines function so what does each mean Anatomy is the structure physiology is the function so let me give you some examples of this in your body your Skin's Anatomy is incredibly uh determinant of your physiology of your skin so for example your skin is very stretchy it has a fatty layer on the subcutaneous the bottom layer of your skin it is very durable it covers all of your body so the physiology after that Anatomy would be hey you're going to be protected from the external environment you're going to be insulated with that layer of fat so you stay warm you're also going to be able to move and touch things without it breaking your skin because it's really tough and durable so the structure of the skin determines the function of the skin you could say the same thing for your teeth your teeth the enamel of the teeth the outer layer is one of the hardest surfaces in our it actually is the hardest surface in our body so that is a really hard structure okay it is pegged into your mandible on the bottom or your maxilla on the top it's really sturdy so it's sturdy and it's strong and why do we need to be sturdy and strong obviously to chew your food right that would be the physiology so it's super tough and sturdy so they can break up food tear apart food um so for like the canines really sharp it helps to like kind of attach to food and then the uh molars are a little more flat to grind food so again this structure of the teeth determine the function of the teeth and that's my core concept number one so how can I remember the next five Concepts well if you remember this acronym slush you can remember slush these are my six Core Concepts so number one the S is structure determines function most important one okay let's keep moving on the L location location location what do I mean by this well when something is released into your body or whenever you obtain something into your body depending on where that thing goes it may act or move in several different ways so I have this example here you've heard of adrenaline right otherwise known as epinephrine okay this is the chemical adrenaline in some of your neurons so these cells that send signals they communicate using this epinephrine this molecule okay so a neuron would talk to something else whether it's another neuron whether it's another cell it's going to communicate directly with one cell usually because one other Target cell now that's when it's being used as a neurotransmitter however if it's put into the blood a different location now it's going to travel to every cell of the body virtually every cell of the body so now this epinephrine can make an effect on a wide variety of cells rather than just being localized to that one okay so depending on the location of something it might act in a different way okay that's just one example of location location let's go to the third you use it or lose it okay this is true of our bodies we've probably heard this before if you don't use something you're gonna lose it and the biggest example would probably be muscle atrophy if you do not exercise you do not use your muscles your body will determine basically those muscles aren't important anymore right so let's just break them down so we can use them for energy because we're not using them anyway so that is a common form of use it or lose it there are other examples of this for example when things are going through your digestive system if you don't absorb if you don't bring it in to use it you'll lose it through excretion okay same thing with like kidney reabsorption if you don't bring solutes back into your bloodstream you're going to lose them through your urine so that's another example if you use it or lose it you see it in a variety of other ways too number four S squeaky wheel gets the grease this is my favorite one if you're riding your bike and you hear your front wheel squeaking you're not going to get your WD-40 oil out and oil the back tire you are going to oil the tire that's having the issue your body is incredibly adapted to fix the biggest problem available to it at that point so the biggest problem that is present your body will do everything it can to alleviate that problem so let me give you an example fainting this is one of my favorite examples so with fainting what happens is well several things could happen so that you would faint but I'm going to say blood pressure say your blood pressure is super low so it drops maybe you lost a lot of blood right well if you lose blood pressure guess what is likely going to not work as well your brain because blood pressure is important to keep that blood going to every part of your body right so if your blood pressure drops the heart's pumping here blood's not going to get up to your brain to feed your brain all the nutrition that it needs through your blood so your brain is really interesting since it's losing that blood supply through low blood pressure it literally gets knocked out so now you're not in control anymore you fall over what's interesting then is if you're falling over rather than having to pump blood Up Against Gravity now you're laying flat so now the blood can just pump side to side to your brain so it's almost a way of your brain saying hey you're not giving me enough blood so I'm going to knock you over so that I can get more blood so you don't have to work against gravity when the heart's pumping so that's one example the squeaky wheel getting the grease the brain wasn't getting enough blood nutrition so it knocked you out so that you would be laying down so that your blood can get to your head easier another better example would be blood clotting say you have a cut on your arm and you have severed blood vessels so blood seeping out of it you're losing blood well there are these little fragments of red blood cells that are going to be called platelets and they're going to go to that localized area to form what's called a blood clot those platelets will like to accumulate here they should not and will not accumulate other places in your body where a clot is not needed so again the squeaky wheel this cut localized cut gets the grease gets the platelets all right so let's go to number five homeostasis this is the most important now homeostasis big long word it means similar standing these are things in your body that have to stay within a set range in order for your body to adequately function okay so let me give you an example that will help you understand it things like body temperature things like blood glucose blood sugar levels blood electrolyte levels blood pressure blood pH acidity of your blood all these things are things you need to keep relatively constant in your body in order for your body to uh survive from right to work properly okay so what are some examples of homeost homeostatic variables blood uh blood pressure normal blood pressure is considered 120 over 80. way lower than that would be hypotensive that would be potentially dangerous like I mentioned before you might faint or you could also have high blood pressure or hypertension you may be hypertensive so high blood pressure both of those are too far high or Too Far Low therefore you don't have homeostasis in that value at that point and interestingly the absence of homeostasis or the inability of your body to maintain that set point is called disease so that's why hypertension is a disease because you can't keep your blood pressure in the homeostatic range okay now same thing with body temperature so anywhere from 97 to 99 degrees Fahrenheit you're pretty good but anytime you get above that or below that your body notices hey this is not ripe we're not going to function very well in these low or high conditions so we need to do something to bring it back okay okay so that being said I'm not going to go into homeostasis as much go ahead and watch a video where I talk about homeostasis and negative feedback loops basically your body is going to do something if you get too warm like sweat to cool your body off or if you're too cold your body will shiver in order to get back into that set point so your body will do a whole slew of things to try to get those values back to that set point okay last one high to low this you will see a lot in physiology so looking at like cells and looking at different nutrients moving in and out the biggest one I talk about in my classes is the gas exchange at the lung so you probably know that when you breathe in you bring in oxygen to your body that oxygen is used by your cells to make energy when they combine with sugar glucose but the reason we can bring oxygen in and also push carbon dioxide out when we breathe out is due to the concept of high to low things in nature like to flow from levels of high concentration usually to low concentration if you don't believe me pick up something and drop it it's going to go down right things like to flow from high to low same thing with concentration gradient so what I mean is when you breathe in there's a very very high concentration of oxygen in the air that we breathe okay so when you put that into your lungs there's going to be high concentration of oxygen here okay well at the end of your lungs this is called the alveoli a little gas sac in your lungs they're going to be blood vessels and they're going to be carrying a lot of carbon dioxide these are wastes that your cells have made so there's going to be a high concentration of carbon dioxide and a low concentration of oxygen in the blood so what happens well the high concentration of oxygen wants to flow into the blood in the high concentration of carbon dioxide wants to flow out of the blood into the lungs this is gas exchange because of those high and low gradients that we have oxygen goes in carbon dioxide leaves the bloodstream thus we have that gas exchange at the lungs okay okay so that's all that I'm going to go through today the next videos we're going to talk about how we actually study and understand the human body um we're going to talk about levels of organization as well as the 11 body systems that we have in our organ systems in our human body hey thanks for watching this so much please if this was helpful like the video subscribe to the channel I really appreciate it and thank you for watching I hope this was helpful