Main Organs: Ovaries, Uterine Tubes, Uterus, Vagina.
Focus: On pelvic organs within the female reproductive system, excluding the bladder and rectum.
Ovaries
Location: In the pelvic cavity, along the lateral wall within the broad ligament.
Supportive Ligaments: Ovarian ligament connects ovary to the uterus.
Function: Primary sex organ, producing female gametes (oocytes) and sex hormones (estrogen and progesterone).
Innervation & Blood Supply: Supplied by ovarian arteries (arising from the abdominal aorta) and veins (right drains into the inferior vena cava and left into the left renal vein).
Uterine Tubes (Fallopian Tubes/Oviducts)
Parts: Fimbriae, Infundibulum, Ampulla (most common fertilization site), Isthmus.
Names: Also known as fallopian tubes or oviducts.
Function: Transport ovum from ovary to uterus.
Uterus
Location: Between the bladder and rectum.
Structure: Composed of the endometrium, myometrium, and epimysium.
Parts: Fundus, Isthmus, Body, Cervix (with internal and external os).
Function: Organ of gestation; receives, nourishes, and gestates a fertilized oocyte until birth.
Blood Supply: Uterine artery (from internal iliac artery) and some supply from ovarian artery.
Broad Ligament
Description: Double fold of peritoneum covering and connecting the uterus, uterine tubes, and ovaries to the pelvis.
Subdivisions: Mesometrium, Mesosalpinx, and Mesovarium.
Round Ligament of the Uterus
Path: Extends from the fundus of the uterus through the inguinal canal to the labia majora.
Origin: Inferior portion of the embryonic gubernaculum.
Vagina
Function: Passageway for endometrium (menstruation), receptacle for penis during intercourse, and birth canal.
Structure: Lined with ridges or irregular folds known as vaginal rugae; anterior and posterior fornices.
Embryology Highlight: Gubernaculum
Role: Aides in the descent and placement of gonads.
Remnants in Adult Female: Transforms into the ovarian ligament and the round ligament of the uterus.