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Compare DNS over HTTPS (DoH) and DNS over TLS (DoT) in terms of privacy protection.
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Both DoH and DoT encrypt DNS requests to prevent domain access information from being revealed, enhancing privacy.
How does a VPN contribute to online privacy, and what are its limitations?
A VPN encrypts data between the user and the VPN server, changing the perceived IP address but does not prevent all tracking, such as fingerprinting.
Explain how the use of HTTPS impacts privacy protection.
HTTPS encrypts communication between the browser and web server, protecting against eavesdropping and certain tracking techniques.
What information is typically logged by websites according to server-side log practices?
Websites typically log the IP address, timestamp, requested resource, referrer, and user agent.
What are 'Super Cookies,' and how can they be mitigated?
Super Cookies are injected by ISPs for tracking and are not visible client-side; they can be mitigated by using HTTPS.
What are tracking parameters in URLs, and how are browsers addressing them?
Tracking parameters like 'click_id' are used to monitor users, and browsers are starting to strip these to prevent tracking.
Distinguish between session cookies and tracking cookies.
Session cookies expire when the browser closes and maintain session state, while tracking cookies persist and are used for tracking user activities.
How does the Referrer Header pose a privacy issue?
The Referrer Header reveals the previous page visited, which can be used for analytics but is considered invasive.
What privacy protection does Incognito mode offer, and what are its limitations?
Incognito mode prevents local history and cookies from being saved, but does not protect against server-side tracking.
What is the role of the User Agent Header, and why is it a concern for privacy?
The User Agent Header identifies the browser, version, and OS, contributing to unique user fingerprinting, which is a privacy concern.
Why is managing app permissions important for privacy?
Managing app permissions prevents unauthorized access to sensitive features like the camera or location, enhancing privacy preservation.
Describe how Tor improves online privacy.
Tor routes traffic through multiple nodes with layered encryption, increasing tracking difficulty but not guaranteeing complete anonymity.
Why is clearing browser history considered a 'heavy-handed' approach?
Clearing browser history logs users out of accounts and removes useful web history features, like autocomplete.
What makes Third-Party Cookies particularly invasive in terms of privacy?
Third-Party Cookies track users across multiple websites without their direct consent, gathering extensive browsing data.
What are the implications of browser fingerprinting?
Fingerprinting creates a user profile based on various browser characteristics, enabling user tracking across sessions even if not logged in.
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